immunology

Question 1

3 autoimmune diseases mediated by type 4 hypersensitivity mechanisms

Answer 1

Type 1 diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
multiple sclerosis

Question 2

Multiple Sclerosis autoantigen

Answer 2

Myelin Basic Protein
Proteolipid protein

Body attacks these antigens, causing neurodegeneration

Question 3

WHAT CAUSES IPEX

Answer 3

Mutation in FOXP3
FOXP3 encodes a transcription factor that is critical for the development of T regs
A mutation in FOXP3 leads to the accumulation of autoreactive T cells

Question 4

Main MHC class 2 molecules in humans

Answer 4

HLA DP, DQ, DR

Question 5

HLA is coded by which chromosome

Answer 5

6

Question 6

What are the most important HLA subtypes in organ compatibility?

Answer 6

HLA A B and DR

Question 7

Give 2 examples of opportunistic infections that can cause cancer

Answer 7

EBV positive lymphoma (post-transplant immunosuppression)

HHV8 positive Kaposi sarcoma (occurs in HIV

Question 8

Give an example of a non-opportunistic infection that can cause cancer

Answer 8

Hep b/hep c hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 9

Gardasil is a vaccine for what cancer

Answer 9

HPV virus (cervical cancer)

Question 10

define TAA

Answer 10

Tumour-associated antigens (TAA) derive from normal cellular proteins which are aberrantly expressed along with cancer (either aberrantly expressed in terms of timing (eg normally expressed in embryo but is now expressed in adulthood), location or quantity.

Question 11

Give an example of TAA

Answer 11

Cancer-testis antigens – silent in normal adult tissues except male germ cells
eg MAGE family (a type of cancer testis antigen)– melanoma-associated antigens – identified in melanoma, also expressed in other tumours