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Upper Limb Flashcards

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1
Q

Enumerate Brachial Plexus Trunks and from what Roots?

A

Upper Trunk - C5 and C6
Middle Trunk - C7
Lower Trunk - C8 and T1

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2
Q

Enumerate Brachial Plexus Cords and from what division?

A

Lateral Cord - Anterior Upper and Anterior Middle
Medial Cord - Antterior Lower
Posterior Cord - Posterior Upper, Middle, and Lower

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3
Q

Which part of the brachial plexus is named after its location around the axillary artery

A

Cords

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4
Q

Brachial plexus branches coming from the roots

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

Long Thoracic Nerve (C5,6,7)

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5
Q

Brachial plexus branches coming from the trunk

A 
Nerve to subclavius (upper trunk)
Suprascapular Nerve (upper trunk)
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6
Q

Brachial plexus branches coming from the lateral cord

A

Lateral pectoral nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Lateral root of median nerve

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7
Q

Brachial plexus branches coming from the medial cord

A 
Ulnar nerve 
medial root of median nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve 
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (forearm)
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8
Q

Brachial plexus branches coming from the posterior cord

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Axillary nerve
Radial Nerve

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9
Q

The accessory phrenic nerve, when present is supplied by what branch of the brachial plexus?

A

Nerve to subclavius

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10
Q

Dorsal Scapular Nerve innervates?

A

Rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae

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11
Q

Long Thoracic Nerve innervates?

A

Serratus anterior

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12
Q

Suprascapular Nerve innervates?

A

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus

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13
Q

Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve innervates?

A

Lateral - Pectoralis major

Medial - Pectoralis major and minor

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14
Q

Upper and Lower Subscapular nerve innervates?

A

Upper - Subscapularis

Lower - Subscapularis and Teres Major

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15
Q

Axillary Nerve innervates?

A

Teres Minor, Deltoid

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16
Q

Thoracodorsal Nerve innervates

A

Latissimus dorsi

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17
Q

What structure passes through the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve

posterior circumflex humeral artery

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18
Q

Nerve that lies against the surgical neck of the humerus

A

Axillary nerve

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19
Q

Nerve that descends in the interval between the axillary artery and vein

A

Ulnar nerve

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20
Q

Nerve that lies behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus

A

Ulnar nerve

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21
Q

Largest branch of the brachial plexus

A

Radial nerve

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22
Q

Nerve that lies behind the axillary artery

A

Radial nerve

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23
Q

Nerve that lies against the spiral groove of the humerus

A

Radial nerve

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24
Q

Innervation of biceps brachii long and short head?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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25
Q

Innervation of brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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26
Q

Innervation of coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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27
Q

Innervation of triceps long, lateral, and medial head?

A

Radial nerve

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28
Q

Muscle which flexes elbow joint and supinates forearm?

A

Biceps brachii

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29
Q

Innervation of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

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30
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve

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31
Q

Innervation of palmaris longus?

A

Median nerve

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32
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve

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33
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve

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34
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

Anterior interosseus branch of median nerve

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35
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Ulnar - medial half

Median - lateral half

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36
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus

A

Anterior interosseus branch of median nerve

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37
Q

Innervation of brachioradialis

A

Radial nerve

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38
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Radial nerve

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39
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

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40
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

41
Q

Innervation of extensor digiti minimi

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

42
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

43
Q

Innervation of anconeus

A

Radial nerve

44
Q

Innervation of supinator

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

45
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis longus

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

46
Q

Innervation of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

47
Q

Innervation of extensor pollicis longus

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

48
Q

Innervation of extensor indicis

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

49
Q

Innervation of palmaris brevis

A

superficial branch of ulnar nerve

50
Q

Innervation of lumbricals

A

1st and 2nd (lateral two) - median nerve

3rd and 4th - deep branch of ulnar

51
Q

Innervation of dorsal interossei

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

52
Q

Innervation of palmar interossei

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

53
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis

A

Median nerve

54
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis brevis

A

Median nerve

55
Q

Innervation of opponens pollicis

A

Median nerve

56
Q

Innervation of adductor pollicis

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

57
Q

Innervation of abductor digiti minimi

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

58
Q

Innervation of flexor digiti minimi

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

59
Q

Innervation of opponens digiti minimi

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

60
Q

The synovial sheath of the flexor pollicis longus is also known as

A

Radial bursa of the wrist

61
Q

The synovial sheath of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus is also known as

A

Ulnar bursa of the wrist

62
Q

Small vascular folds of synovial membrane that connect the tendons to the anterior surface of the phalanges

A

Vincula longa and brevia

63
Q

This condition manifests with a finger held semiflexed and swollen, with pain on extension of the fingers due to distension of the affected structure with pus.

A

Flexor Tendon Sheath Tenosynovitis

64
Q

Fascial space in the forearm between the flexor digitorum profundus anteriorly and the pronmator quadratus and interosseous membrane posteriorly

A

Space of Parona

65
Q

List 6 structures in the anterior aspect of the wrist superficial to the flexor retinaculum

A 
From medial to lateral:
Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, 
Ulnar nerve, 
Ulnar artery, 
Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve,
palmaris longus tendon, 
palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve
66
Q

List 4 structures in the anterior aspect of the wrist deep to the flexor retinaculum

A 
From medial to lateral:
Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons (sheath), 
Median nerve, 
Flexor pollicis longus tendon, 
flexor carpi radialis tendon
67
Q

List 4 structures in the posterior aspect of the wrist superficial to the extensor retinaculum

A 
from medial to lateral:
Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve, 
basilic vein, 
cephalic vein, 
superficial branch of radial nerve
68
Q

List 6 structures in the posterior aspect of the wrist deep to the extensor retinaculum

A

from medial to lateral:
Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon,
extensor digiti minimi tendon,
extensor digitorum and extensor indicis shared sheath,
extensor pollicis longus tendon,
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis,
abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

69
Q

This artery reaches the back of the hand by passing between the lateral collateral ligament of the wrist joint and tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

A

Radial artery

70
Q

When the shoulder is fully adducted, what muscle initiates the first 15 degrees of shoulder abduction?

A

Supraspinatus

71
Q

In a patient with a ruptured supraspinatus tendon, what muscle takes over in abduction of the shoulder?

72
Q

“Winged Scapula” is caused by damage to what nerve?

A

Long Thoracic Nerve

73
Q

What nerve is most likely damaged by fractures in the shaft of the humerus?

74
Q

What nerve is most likely damaged by supracondylar fractures of the humerus?

75
Q

What nerve is most likely damaged in fractures of the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

76
Q

Lateral and medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

Lateral - brachioradialis

Medial - pronator teres

77
Q

What elbow flexor is located in the lateral compartment of the forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

78
Q

Tennis elbow vs Golfer’s elbow

A

Tennis - extensor muscles from lateral epicondyle

Golfer - flexor muscles in medial epicondyle

79
Q

Contraction of the muscles of the forearm that commonly follows fractures of the distal end of the humerus, or fractures of the radius and ulna is called what?

A

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture

80
Q

Fracture of the distal end of the radius resulting from a fall on the outstretched hand

A

Colles’ fracture

81
Q

Fracture of the distal end of the radius resulting from a fall on the back of the hand

A

Smith’s fracture

82
Q

Fracture of the shaft of the ulna with the ulnar shaft bowing forward and anterior dislocation of the radial head with rupture of the annular ligament.

A

Monteggia’s fracture

83
Q

Fracture of the proximal third of the radius and dislocation of the distal end of the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint.

A

Galleazzi’s fracture

84
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone of the hand?

85
Q

The first carpal bone to ossify, beginning at the first year of life

86
Q

borders of the anatomic snuffbox?

A

Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis

87
Q

Injuries to the anatomic snuffbox will most likely affect this structure, which is palpable in the region?

A

Radial Artery

88
Q

What small muscle of the hand is attached to the skin of the palm to corrugate the skin at the base of the hypothenar eminence and to improve grip of palm?

A

Palmaris brevis

89
Q

Which short muscles of the thumb forms the thenar eminence?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis

90
Q

Which muscles form the hypothenar eminence?

A

Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti minimi

91
Q

What structures pass through the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, median nerve

92
Q

What structure(s) pass through the tunnel of Guyon?

A

Ulnar Artery and Ulnar Nerve

93
Q

Fracture of the base of the metacarpal of the thumb caused when violence is applied along the long axis, or when the thumb is forcefully abducted.

A

Bennett’s fracture

94
Q

This is a localized thickening of the palmar aponeurosis, which limits hand function and may eventually disable the hand

A

Dupuytren’s Contracture

95
Q

Skin sensation is lost on the lateral half of the palm of the hand and the palmar aspect of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers, as well as on the skin on the distal part of the dorsal surface of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers in injuries to this nerve.

A

Median nerve

96
Q

Sensory loss on the lateral part of the dorsum of the hand and on the dorsal surface of the proximal part of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers is caused by injury to this nerve?

A

Radial Nerve

97
Q

Contents of triangular space

A

Scapular circumflex artery

98
Q

Contents of the Triangular Interval

A

Profunda brachii artery

Radial nerve

PLE Anatomy (8 decks)

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