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PLE Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

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1
Q

When the knee is flexed, hip flexion is limited by the?

A

Anterior abdominal wall

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2
Q

When the knee is extended, hip flexion is limited by

A

tension of the hamstring

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3
Q

Hip extension is limited by the

A

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments

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4
Q

Hip abduction is limited by the tension of the

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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5
Q

Hip adduction is limited by the

A

Opposite limb and Ligament of the head of femur

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6
Q

Hip lateral rotation is limited by the

A

Iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments

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7
Q

Hip medial rotation is limited by the

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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8
Q

Innervation of the gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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9
Q

Innervation of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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10
Q

Innervation of the tensor fasciae latae

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

Innervation of the piriformis

A

1st and 2nd sacral nerve (nerve to piriformis)

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12
Q

Innervation of the obturator internus

A

Sacral plexus (nerve to obturator internus)

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13
Q

Innervation of the superior and inferior gemellus

A

Sacral plexus
Superior - nerve to obturator internus
Inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris

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14
Q

Innervation of the quadratus femoris

A

Sacral plexus (nerve to quadratus femoris)

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15
Q

Innervation of the sartorius

A

Femoral nerve

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16
Q

Innervation of the iliacus

A

Femoral nerve

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17
Q

Innervation of the psoas

A

Lumbar plexus

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18
Q

Innervation of the pectineus

A

Femoral nerve

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19
Q

Innervation of the quadriceps femoris

A

Femoral nerve

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20
Q

Which of the quadriceps both extends the leg and flexes the thigh

A

Rectus femoris

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21
Q

The only muscle of the anterior thigh NOT innervated by the femoral nerve (accdg to Snell Table)

A

Psoas

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22
Q

Innervation of gracilis

A

Obturator nerve

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23
Q

Innervation of adductor longus and adductor brevis

A

Obturator nerve

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24
Q

Innervation of adductor magnus

A

Adductor portion - obturator nerve

Hamstring portion - sciatic nerve

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25
Q

Innervation of the obturator externus

A

Obturator nerve

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26
Q

Innervation of the biceps femoris

A

Long head - tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Short head - common peroneal portion of the sciatic nerve

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27
Q

Innervation of semitendinosus and semimembranosus

A

Tibial portion of sciatic nerve

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28
Q

Innervation of tibialis anterior

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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29
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum longus and brevis

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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30
Q

Innervation of peroneus tertius

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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31
Q

Innervation of extensor hallucis longus

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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32
Q

Innervation of peroneus longus

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

33
Q

Innervation of peroneus brevis

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

34
Q

Innervation of the gastrocnemius and soleus

A

Tibial nerve

35
Q

Innervation of the plantaris

A

Tibial nerve

36
Q

Innervation of the popliteus

A

Tibial nerve

37
Q

Innervation of the flexor digitorum longus

A

Tibial nerve

38
Q

Innervation of the flexor hallucis longus

A

Tibial nerve

39
Q

Innervation of the tibialis posterior

A

Tibial nerve

40
Q

All lymph vessels of the lower limb ultimately drain to the?

A

Deep inguinal group of nodes

41
Q

Which knee meniscus is relatively immobile due to its attachment to the collateral ligament?

A

Medial Meniscus

42
Q

This structure provides an exit from the pelvis to the gluteal region

A

Greater sciatic foramen

43
Q

This structure provides an entrance to the perineum from the gluteal region

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

44
Q

Structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramen

A

Piriformis
Sciatic Nerve

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Superior and inferior gluteal nerve
Nerve to obturator internus and quadratus femoris
Pudendal nerve
Superior and inferior gluteal vessels
Internal pudendal vessels
45
Q

Structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Tendon of obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus
Pudendal Nerve
Internal pudendal artery and vein

46
Q

What muscle tilts the pelvis to allow the contralateral leg to clear the ground

A

Gluteus medius or Gluteus minimus

47
Q

An acute ankle sprain from excessive eversion of the foot will damage which ligament

A

Medial Ligament or Deltoid Ligament

48
Q

An acute ankle sprain from excessive inversion of the foot with plantarflexion will damage which ligament

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament and Calcaneofibular ligament

49
Q

The femoral nerve arises from which segment of the spinal cord

A

Lumbar plexus L2 L3 L4

50
Q

The obturator nerve arises from which part of the spinal cord

A

Lumbar plexus L2 L3 L4

51
Q

This nerve appears below the piriformis muscle?

A

Sciatic Nerve

52
Q

The sciatic nerve arises from which part of the spinal cord?

A

Sacral Plexus L4 L5 S1 S2 S3

53
Q

The femoral sheath is composed of which fascia anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

Anterior - fascia transversalis

Posterior - fascia iliaca

54
Q

The femoral sheath surrounds vessels and lymphatics. How are they arranged from lateral to medial?

A

Artery, Vein, Nerve

55
Q

Compare and contrast biceps femoris long and short head in terms of OIAN

A

Origin and Insertion

Long - Ischial tuberosity to head of fibula,
Short - linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge of shaft of femur to head of fibula

Action

Both - Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee
Long - extend thigh at hip

Innervation

Long - tibial portion of sciatic
Short - common peroneal portion of sciatic

56
Q

Actions of the sartorius muscle?

A

Hip - flexion, abduction, lateral rotation of thigh

Knee - Flexion, medial rotation of leg

57
Q

Which thigh flexor also adducts the thigh?

58
Q

Where should you inject medications in the gluteus maximus in order to avoid sciatic nerve injury?

A

Upper Outer Quadrant

59
Q

This muscle extends the thigh when standing up from the sitting position

A

Gluteus maximus

60
Q

What muscle flexes the thigh on the trunk, and if thigh is fixed, it flexes the trunk on the thigh as in sitting up from lying down?

61
Q

Lateral and medial border of femoral triangle

A

Lateral - sartorius

Medial - adductor longus

62
Q

What ligament prevents the dislocation of the femur posteriorly at the knee joint?

A

Anterior cruciate

63
Q

What ligament prevents the dislocation of the femur anteriorly at the knee joint?

A

Posterior cruciate

64
Q

What ligament is firmly attached to the edge of the medial meniscus?

A

Medial collateral

65
Q

Forced abduction of the tibia on the femur can result in partial tearing of which ligament?

A

Medial collateral

66
Q

What is the only tarsal bone which articulates with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint?

67
Q

The tuberosity of what bone can be felt on the medial border of the foot 2.5 cm in front and below the medial malleolus?

68
Q

A deep groove in the inferior aspect of this bone holds the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle.

69
Q

The wedge shape of this bone contributes greatly to the formation and maintenance of the transverse arch of the foot?

70
Q

This arch of the foot consists of the bases of the metatarsal bones, the cuboid, and the three cuneiform bones?

A

Transverse arch

71
Q

This arch of the foot consists of the calcaneum, talus, navicular, three cuneiform bones, and the first three metatarsal bones?

A

Medial longitudinal arch

72
Q

This arch of the foot consists of the calcaneum, cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones?

A

Lateral longitudinal arch

73
Q

Which group of muscles forms the first layer of the foot?

A

Abductor hallucis,

flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

74
Q

Which group of muscles forms the second layer of the foot?

A

Quadratus plantae,
lumbricals,
flexor digitorum longus tendon,
flexor hallucis longus tendon

75
Q

Which group of muscles forms the third layer of the the foot?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis,
adductor hallucis,
flexor digiti minimi brevis

76
Q

Which group of muscles forms the fourth layer of the foot?

A

Interossei,
peroneus longus tendon,
tibialis posterior tendon

77
Q

The dorsalis pedis artery is a terminal branch of what larger artery?

A

Anterior tibial artery

78
Q

The pulsations of the dorsalis pedis artery can be felt between the tendons of which two muscles?

A

Extensor hallucis longus and Extensor digitorum longus

PLE Anatomy (8 decks)

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