Upper limb 3

Question 1

what are the general actions of the muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 1

flexion of the wrist, fingers and pronation of the forearm (all of the superficial muscles that are attached to the medial epicondyle)

Question 2

which epicondyle are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm attached to

Answer 2

the medial epicondyle (this is why they cause pronation of the forearm)

Question 3

name the superficial muscles of the forearm

Answer 3

• flexor carpi ulnaris
• palmar is longus
• flexor carpi radialis
• pronator teres

Question 4

what nerve innervates most of the muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 4

the median nerve

Question 5

what muscles in the forearm are not innervated by the median nerve and what is there innervation

Answer 5

• brachioradialis (radial nerve)
• flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)
• the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)

Question 6

what cords of the brachial plexus form the median nerve

Answer 6

the medial and the lateral

Question 7

how does the median nerve enter the hand

Answer 7

via the carpal tunnel under the flexor retinaculum

Question 8

what muscle of the anterior forearm is responsible for adducting the hand

Answer 8

flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 9

what muscle of the anterior forearm is responsible for abducting the hand

Answer 9

flexor carpi radialis

Question 10

name a superficial forearm muscle that is not attached to the medial epicondyle

Answer 10

the brachioradialis

Question 11

what is the innervation of the brachioradialis

Answer 11

the radial nerve

Question 12

what are the actions of the brachioradialis

Answer 12

supination of the forearm and flexion of the elbow joint

Question 13

name the intermediate muscle of the forearm

Answer 13

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 14

what is the role of the flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 14

flexion of the proximal inter-phalangeal joints

Question 15

what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 15

median nerve

Question 16

what is the relation of the flexor digitorum superficialis to the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 16

the FDP sits deep to the FDS

Question 17

what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 17

the lateral half is innervated by the medial nerve and the medial half is innervated by the ulnar nerve

Question 18

name the deep muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 18

• flexor digitorum profundus
• pronator quadratus
• flexor pollicis longus

Question 19

what are the actions of the flexor polices longus

Answer 19

flexion of the thumb

Question 20

where are the flexor digitorum profundus and the flexor polices longus in relation to each other

Answer 20

the flexor digitorum profundus is found on the medial side and the flexor polices longus is found on the lateral side

Question 21

in the cubital fossa, where does the median nerve lie in relation to the brachial artery

Answer 21

the median nerve sits superficially to the brachial artery

Question 22

what is the flexor retinaculum

Answer 22

this is a fibrous band in the anterior forearm that covers the carpal tunnel

Question 23

how does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm

Answer 23

between he heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 24

which epicondyle of the humerus does the ulnar nerve pass over

Answer 24

the medial nerve

Question 25

what are the actions of the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 25

flexion of the hand and the fingers at both of the interphalangeal joints

Question 26

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel

Answer 26

9 tendons (4 FDS, 4 FDP and the palmar is longus tendon) and 1 nerve (median nerve)

Question 27

name the tendon that is continuous with the palmar apponeurosis

Answer 27

the palmaris longus tendon

Question 28

what is is the role of the thenar muscles

Answer 28

movement of the thumb

Question 29

name the 3 thenar muscles

Answer 29

- abductor policis brevis - flexor policis brevis - opponens policis

Question 30

what is the innervation of the thenar muscles

Answer 30

the median nerve

Question 31

what is the role of the abductor policus brevis

Answer 31

abducts the thumb

Question 32

what is the role of the flexor policus brevis

Answer 32

flexes the thumb at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint

Question 33

what is the role of the opponens pollicus

Answer 33

oppose the thumb towards the palm of the hand

Question 34

name the 3 hypothenar muscles

Answer 34

- abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti minimi - opponens digiti minimi

Question 35

what is the innervation of the hypothenar muscles

Answer 35

the ulnar nerve

Question 36

what cord of the brachial plexus gives off the ulnar nerve

Answer 36

the medial cord

Question 37

name the muscle that adducts the thumb

Answer 37

adductor pollicis

Question 38

what is the innervation of the adductor pollicis muscle

Answer 38

the ulnar nerve

Question 39

where are the lumbrical muscles found in the hand

Answer 39

parallel to the metacarpal bones

Question 40

what are the actions of the lumbrical muscles

Answer 40

they flex the fingers at the metacarpal phalangeal joints and they extend the fingers at the interphalangeal joints (make an L with the finger)

Question 41

what is the innervation of the lumbrical muscles

Answer 41

the medial two are innervated by the ulnar nerve and the lateral two are innervated by the median nerve

Question 42

where are the interossei muscles located

Answer 42

between the metacarpal bones - there are two sets, a palmar and dorsal set

Question 43

what are the actions of the interossei muscles

Answer 43

the dorsal ones are responsible for abducting the fingers and the palmar ones are responsible for adducting the fingers

Question 44

what innervates the interossei muscles

Answer 44

the ulnar nerve

Question 45

what artery supplies the superficial palmar arch

Answer 45

the ulnar artery

Question 46

what artery supplies the deep palmar arch

Answer 46

the radial artery

Question 47

all of the muscles in the hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve expect what

Answer 47

the thenar muscles and the lateral 2 lumbrical muscles - these are innervated by the median nerve

Question 48

what nerve innervates the section of skin over the thenar muscles

Answer 48

the radial nerve

Question 49

what nerve innervates most of the skin on the dorsal of the hand

Answer 49

the radial nerve

Question 50

what nerve innervates the majority of the skin on the palmar aspect of the hand

Answer 50

the median nerve

Question 51

name the carpal bones

Answer 51

scaphoid, lunate, triquentrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate

Question 52

what type of joint is the wrist joint

Answer 52

synovial condyloid

Question 53

what bones reticulate in the wrist joint

Answer 53

the scaphoid, lunate and the radius