Upper limb 3 Flashcards
what are the general actions of the muscles of the anterior forearm
flexion of the wrist, fingers and pronation of the forearm (all of the superficial muscles that are attached to the medial epicondyle)
which epicondyle are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm attached to
the medial epicondyle (this is why they cause pronation of the forearm)
name the superficial muscles of the forearm
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- palmar is longus
- flexor carpi radialis
- pronator teres
what nerve innervates most of the muscles of the anterior forearm
the median nerve
what muscles in the forearm are not innervated by the median nerve and what is there innervation
- brachioradialis (radial nerve)
- flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)
- the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)
what cords of the brachial plexus form the median nerve
the medial and the lateral
how does the median nerve enter the hand
via the carpal tunnel under the flexor retinaculum
what muscle of the anterior forearm is responsible for adducting the hand
flexor carpi ulnaris
what muscle of the anterior forearm is responsible for abducting the hand
flexor carpi radialis
name a superficial forearm muscle that is not attached to the medial epicondyle
the brachioradialis
what is the innervation of the brachioradialis
the radial nerve
what are the actions of the brachioradialis
supination of the forearm and flexion of the elbow joint
name the intermediate muscle of the forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis
what is the role of the flexor digitorum superficialis
flexion of the proximal inter-phalangeal joints
what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerve
what is the relation of the flexor digitorum superficialis to the flexor digitorum profundus
the FDP sits deep to the FDS
what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus
the lateral half is innervated by the medial nerve and the medial half is innervated by the ulnar nerve
name the deep muscles of the anterior forearm
- flexor digitorum profundus
- pronator quadratus
- flexor pollicis longus
what are the actions of the flexor polices longus
flexion of the thumb
where are the flexor digitorum profundus and the flexor polices longus in relation to each other
the flexor digitorum profundus is found on the medial side and the flexor polices longus is found on the lateral side
in the cubital fossa, where does the median nerve lie in relation to the brachial artery
the median nerve sits superficially to the brachial artery
what is the flexor retinaculum
this is a fibrous band in the anterior forearm that covers the carpal tunnel
how does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm
between he heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
which epicondyle of the humerus does the ulnar nerve pass over
the medial nerve
what are the actions of the flexor digitorum profundus
flexion of the hand and the fingers at both of the interphalangeal joints
what are the contents of the carpal tunnel
9 tendons (4 FDS, 4 FDP and the palmar is longus tendon) and 1 nerve (median nerve)
name the tendon that is continuous with the palmar apponeurosis
the palmaris longus tendon
what is is the role of the thenar muscles
movement of the thumb
name the 3 thenar muscles
- abductor policis brevis
- flexor policis brevis
- opponens policis
what is the innervation of the thenar muscles
the median nerve
what is the role of the abductor policus brevis
abducts the thumb
what is the role of the flexor policus brevis
flexes the thumb at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint
what is the role of the opponens pollicus
oppose the thumb towards the palm of the hand
name the 3 hypothenar muscles
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
what is the innervation of the hypothenar muscles
the ulnar nerve
what cord of the brachial plexus gives off the ulnar nerve
the medial cord
name the muscle that adducts the thumb
adductor pollicis
what is the innervation of the adductor pollicis muscle
the ulnar nerve
where are the lumbrical muscles found in the hand
parallel to the metacarpal bones
what are the actions of the lumbrical muscles
they flex the fingers at the metacarpal phalangeal joints and they extend the fingers at the interphalangeal joints (make an L with the finger)
what is the innervation of the lumbrical muscles
the medial two are innervated by the ulnar nerve and the lateral two are innervated by the median nerve
where are the interossei muscles located
between the metacarpal bones - there are two sets, a palmar and dorsal set
what are the actions of the interossei muscles
the dorsal ones are responsible for abducting the fingers and the palmar ones are responsible for adducting the fingers
what innervates the interossei muscles
the ulnar nerve
what artery supplies the superficial palmar arch
the ulnar artery
what artery supplies the deep palmar arch
the radial artery
all of the muscles in the hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve expect what
the thenar muscles and the lateral 2 lumbrical muscles - these are innervated by the median nerve
what nerve innervates the section of skin over the thenar muscles
the radial nerve
what nerve innervates most of the skin on the dorsal of the hand
the radial nerve
what nerve innervates the majority of the skin on the palmar aspect of the hand
the median nerve
name the carpal bones
scaphoid, lunate, triquentrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate
what type of joint is the wrist joint
synovial condyloid
what bones reticulate in the wrist joint
the scaphoid, lunate and the radius
