Upper limb 1 Flashcards
what makes up the anterior wall of the axilla
the pectorals major and minor
what makes up the posterior wall of the axilla
the latissimus dorsi
what makes up the medial wall of the axilla
the serrated anterior
what makes up the lateral wall of the axilla
the head of the humerus
when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery
at the lateral border of the first rib
when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery
at the inferior border of the teres major muscle
what structures do the axillary lymph nodes drain
the arm and the lateral breast
what makes up the brachial plexus
the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1
what are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus
the upper, middle and lower trunk
what name is given to damage to the upper trunk
Erb’s palsy
what are the clinical signs if someone has damaged the upper trunk of the brachial plexus
medially rotated arm and flexed wrist (waiter’s tip position)
what are the causes of Erb’s palsy
damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus - can be caused be a fall on the shoulder, hyperextension of the shoulder or shoulder dystocia
what name is given to damage to the lower trunk
Klumpke’s palsy
what are the clinical signs of someone has damaged the lower trunk of their brachial plexus
claw hand - the flexors of the wrist and fingers are affected as well as the intrinsic muscles of the hand
what are the cords of the brachial plexus
the lateral, medial and posterior
describe the formation of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
the superior branches of the upper and middle trunk
describe the formation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus
the superior branch of the middle trunk
describe the formation of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
the inferior branch of the upper, middle and lower trunks
what are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
musculocutaneous, lateral aspect o the median nerve and the lateral aspect of the pectoral nerve
what are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus
lateral aspect of the median and pectoral nerves and the ulnar nerve
what are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
axillary, radial, sub scapular and thoracodorsal
name the vein that connects the basilic to the cephalic in the arm
median cubital
what dermatome covers the thumb
C6
what dermatome covers the middle/long finger
C7
what dermatome covers the little finger
C8
what are the dermatomes of the arm that do not cover any of the fingers
C5 and T1
what type of joint is the stenoclavicular joint
synovial saddle
where is the clavicle the weakest
1/3rd of the way in from the acromion
what does the clavicle articulate with laterally
the acromion
what is the most lateral aspect of the scapula
the acromion
what type of joint is the acromion-clavicular joint
synovial plane
what muscles elevate the scapula
the upper fibres of the trapezius and the elevator scapulae
what muscles depress the scapula
the inferior fibres of the trapezius
what muscles protract the scapula
the serrated anterior
what muscles retract the scapula
middle trapezius and rhomboids
what muscles cause upwards rotation of the scapula
the upper and middle fibres of the trapezius
what muscles cause downward rotation of the scapula
the rhomboids and elevator scapulae
name the 4 rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor and the subscapularis
what is the role of the rotator cuff muscles
to stabilise the shoulder joint
what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint
ball and socket
what is the role of the glenoid labrum
to stabilise the shoulder joint by increasing the surface area of the glenoid cavity
what ligament prevents the head of the humerus dislocating superiorly
the dorado-acromial ligament
in which direction is the shoulder joint most likely to dislocate
anteriorly
name the bursae that communicates with the glen-humeral joint
the subscapularis
what nerve innervates the deltoid
axillary
what movements does the deltoid carry out
anterior fibres - medial rotation
middle fibres - abduction
posterior fibres - lateral rotation
what are the actions of the pectorals major muscle
medial rotation of the shoulder and adduction of the arm
what vein sits between the pectorals major and the deltoid and what is the clinical relevance of this vein
the cephalic vein - this is used for central lines
what is the action of the serratous anterior
protraction of the scapula
damage to which nerve will result in paralysis of the serrated anterior
long thoracic nerve
damage to which nerve causes winged scapula
long thoracic nerve
what is the innervation of the trapezius muscle
CN XI
what are the actions of the teres major and the teres minor
the teres major medially rotates the arm and the teres minor laterally rotates it
