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MSK - anatomy - ABDN > Upper limb 1 > Flashcards

Upper limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the anterior wall of the axilla

A

the pectorals major and minor

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2
Q

what makes up the posterior wall of the axilla

A

the latissimus dorsi

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3
Q

what makes up the medial wall of the axilla

A

the serrated anterior

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4
Q

what makes up the lateral wall of the axilla

A

the head of the humerus

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5
Q

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery

A

at the lateral border of the first rib

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6
Q

when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery

A

at the inferior border of the teres major muscle

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7
Q

what structures do the axillary lymph nodes drain

A

the arm and the lateral breast

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8
Q

what makes up the brachial plexus

A

the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

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9
Q

what are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus

A

the upper, middle and lower trunk

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10
Q

what name is given to damage to the upper trunk

A

Erb’s palsy

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11
Q

what are the clinical signs if someone has damaged the upper trunk of the brachial plexus

A

medially rotated arm and flexed wrist (waiter’s tip position)

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12
Q

what are the causes of Erb’s palsy

A

damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus - can be caused be a fall on the shoulder, hyperextension of the shoulder or shoulder dystocia

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13
Q

what name is given to damage to the lower trunk

A

Klumpke’s palsy

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14
Q

what are the clinical signs of someone has damaged the lower trunk of their brachial plexus

A

claw hand - the flexors of the wrist and fingers are affected as well as the intrinsic muscles of the hand

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15
Q

what are the cords of the brachial plexus

A

the lateral, medial and posterior

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16
Q

describe the formation of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

the superior branches of the upper and middle trunk

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17
Q

describe the formation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A

the superior branch of the middle trunk

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18
Q

describe the formation of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

the inferior branch of the upper, middle and lower trunks

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19
Q

what are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

musculocutaneous, lateral aspect o the median nerve and the lateral aspect of the pectoral nerve

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20
Q

what are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A

lateral aspect of the median and pectoral nerves and the ulnar nerve

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21
Q

what are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

axillary, radial, sub scapular and thoracodorsal

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22
Q

name the vein that connects the basilic to the cephalic in the arm

A

median cubital

23
Q

what dermatome covers the thumb

A

C6

24
Q

what dermatome covers the middle/long finger

A

C7

25
Q

what dermatome covers the little finger

A

C8

26
Q

what are the dermatomes of the arm that do not cover any of the fingers

A

C5 and T1

27
Q

what type of joint is the stenoclavicular joint

A

synovial saddle

28
Q

where is the clavicle the weakest

A

1/3rd of the way in from the acromion

29
Q

what does the clavicle articulate with laterally

A

the acromion

30
Q

what is the most lateral aspect of the scapula

A

the acromion

31
Q

what type of joint is the acromion-clavicular joint

A

synovial plane

32
Q

what muscles elevate the scapula

A

the upper fibres of the trapezius and the elevator scapulae

33
Q

what muscles depress the scapula

A

the inferior fibres of the trapezius

34
Q

what muscles protract the scapula

A

the serrated anterior

35
Q

what muscles retract the scapula

A

middle trapezius and rhomboids

36
Q

what muscles cause upwards rotation of the scapula

A

the upper and middle fibres of the trapezius

37
Q

what muscles cause downward rotation of the scapula

A

the rhomboids and elevator scapulae

38
Q

name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor and the subscapularis

39
Q

what is the role of the rotator cuff muscles

A

to stabilise the shoulder joint

40
Q

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint

A

ball and socket

41
Q

what is the role of the glenoid labrum

A

to stabilise the shoulder joint by increasing the surface area of the glenoid cavity

42
Q

what ligament prevents the head of the humerus dislocating superiorly

A

the dorado-acromial ligament

43
Q

in which direction is the shoulder joint most likely to dislocate

A

anteriorly

44
Q

name the bursae that communicates with the glen-humeral joint

A

the subscapularis

45
Q

what nerve innervates the deltoid

A

axillary

46
Q

what movements does the deltoid carry out

A

anterior fibres - medial rotation

middle fibres - abduction

posterior fibres - lateral rotation

47
Q

what are the actions of the pectorals major muscle

A

medial rotation of the shoulder and adduction of the arm

48
Q

what vein sits between the pectorals major and the deltoid and what is the clinical relevance of this vein

A

the cephalic vein - this is used for central lines

49
Q

what is the action of the serratous anterior

A

protraction of the scapula

50
Q

damage to which nerve will result in paralysis of the serrated anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

51
Q

damage to which nerve causes winged scapula

A

long thoracic nerve

52
Q

what is the innervation of the trapezius muscle

A

CN XI

53
Q

what are the actions of the teres major and the teres minor

A

the teres major medially rotates the arm and the teres minor laterally rotates it

MSK - anatomy - ABDN (4 decks)

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