Upper Limb Flashcards
(101 cards)
Muscles that attach to the clavicle
Pectoralis major
Sternocleidomastoid
Deltoid
Trapezius
Subclavius
Two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament of the clavicle
Trapezoid part
Conoid part
Muscles attached to scapula
Subscapularis
Serratus anterior
Triceps (long head )
Omohyoid
Pectoralis minor
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Latissmus Dorsi
Teres major
Teres minor
Deltoid
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Supraspinatous
Rhomboideus minor
R.major
The muscle that attaches close to the inferior angel of scapula
Latissmus dorsi
Insertion of muscles on the humerus
Deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Teres major
Teres minor
Pectoralis major
Latissmus dorsi
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Origins of muscles at the humerus
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
ECRL
Pronator Teres
Common flexor origin
Common extensor origin
Lateral head of triceps
Medial head of triceps
Anconeus
What does it mean , the upper limb is light build
Bones are smaller , weaker , joints are smaller and less stable, .
More prone to injuries like dislocation and fractures
Common dislocations in the upper limb are
Dislocation of the shoulder joint (most common )
Elbow joint
Lunate bone
Most common fractures of the upper limb
Clavicle (most common in the body )
Humerus
Radius
Scaphoid (most common in hand )
Common nerve injuries in upper limb
Brachial plexus
Median nerve (most common peripheral neuropathy- compression at wrist )
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Major nerves of upper limb that have predilection of involvement in leprosy
Radial
Median
Ulnar (palpated at medial epicondyle)
Intravenous injection commonly given at
Superficial veins in front of elbow and dorsum of hand
Intramuscular injection is most commonly given
Shoulder region in deltoid muscle
Part of the upper limb having largest representation in the brain
Hand
Where does the clavicle fracture commonly
Junction of its lateral one-third , medial two third (weakest site , two curvatures meet , transmission of forces to scapula occurs at this site through coracoclavicular ligament
Trapezius alone is unable to support the weight of the upper limb.
Medial fragment elevated by sternicleidomastoid
A patient supporting his sagging upper limb with the opposite hand is the clinical picture of the patient
Clavicle fracture
Clavicular dysostosis
Clinical condition , medial and lateral parts of clavicle remain separate due to non union of two primary centres of ossification
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Partial or complete absence of clavicle . Associated with defective ossification of bones
Sprengel’s deformity of the scapula
Congenital high scapula . The scapula develops in the neck region during IUL and then migrated downwards to its adult position .
Failure to descend , i this condition scapula I’d hypoplastic and in the neck region .
Omovertebral body connecting it to cervical part of vertebral column by fibrous , cartilaginous or bony
Surgery to bring down injures brachial plexus
Nerves directly related to the humerus
Axillary - surgical neck
Radial - radial groove
ulnar - behind medial epicondyle
Common sites of fractures of humerus
Surgical neck
Shaft
Supracondylar region - involves median nerve and brachial artery
Fracture to which bone can cause volkmann’s ischemic contracture and myosotis ossificans
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus
Volkmann’s - median and ulnar nerve
Weight bearing bone of the forearm
Radius (hence features are common )
Colles’ fracture
Fracture at the distal end of RADIUS distal fragment is displaced backwards and upwards .
Reverse of Colles’ = smith’s fracture