upper limb Flashcards
what is the axilla
space between the upper rib cage and the humerus situated above the armpit
why is axilla important
blood vessels and nerves going to the upper limb pass through it
how many walls are in axilla, name them
4, three are muscular and one, the lateral wall which is by far the narrowest is the bicipital groove
what is the medial wall of the axilla
serratus anterior covering the rib cage
what is the anterior wall of the axilla
two pectoralis muscles
what is the posterior wall of the axila
muscular coating of the anterior scapula (the subscapularis), the latissimus dorsal, and the teres major muscles,
where do nerves enter the axilla
the apex located just behind the clavicle
how many branches are there of the axillary artery, name them
3, lateral thoracic - to medial wall, thoracocacromical - to anterior wall, sub scapular - to posterior wall
where is the brachial plexus located
axilla
what are the 5 major nerves
radial nerve, axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve
what are the 5 roots of the nerves
c5-c8
how many trunks do the nerves have, what are these trunks
3, upper, middle and lower
how many divisions of nerves are there
6
how many cords of nerves are there, what are they called
3, lateral cord, medial cord, posterior cord
what is the lateral cord
anterior division of the upper and middle trunk
what is the medial cord
anterior division of the lower trunk
what is the posterior cord
three posterior division
what are the two big terminal branches the posterior cord gives off
radial nerve (biggest) and the axillary nerve
what does the lateral cord form
musculocutaneous nerve
what does the medial cord form
ulnar nerve
what are the bones of the pectoral girdle
scapula, clavicle, and the proximal humerus
where is the scapula located
t2-t7
scapula borders and angels
-superior border
-medial border
-lateral border
-superior angle
-inferior angle
-lateral angle
glenoid fossa of scapula
-articulates with the head of the humerus
Suprascapular notch
-where blood vessels and nerves run through
Coracoid process
in the lateral angle
Spine of the scapula
-posterior ridge
-turns into the acromion
Acromion
-forms the point of the shoulder
-forms acromioclavicular joint
Subscapular fossa
-anterior face (slightly concave)
-subscapularis muscle originates here
Infraspinous fossa
-below spine
-posterior face (slightly concave)
Supraspinous fossa
-depression above the spine
-posterior face (slightly concave)
Clavicle ends
-roundish end (articulates with sternum at sternoclavicular joint)
-flatish end (articulates with scapula at acromioclavicular joint)
-this connection is the only articular attachment of the upper limb to the axial skeleton
Proximal humerus head
-articulates with glenoid fossa forming the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)
Proximal humerus neck(s)
-anatomical neck: located right under the head
-surgical neck: located further down and is where most fractures occur
