upper limb

Question 1

what is the axilla

Answer 1

space between the upper rib cage and the humerus situated above the armpit

Question 2

why is axilla important

Answer 2

blood vessels and nerves going to the upper limb pass through it

Question 3

how many walls are in axilla, name them

Answer 3

4, three are muscular and one, the lateral wall which is by far the narrowest is the bicipital groove

Question 4

what is the medial wall of the axilla

Answer 4

serratus anterior covering the rib cage

Question 5

what is the anterior wall of the axilla

Answer 5

two pectoralis muscles

Question 6

what is the posterior wall of the axila

Answer 6

muscular coating of the anterior scapula (the subscapularis), the latissimus dorsal, and the teres major muscles,

Question 7

where do nerves enter the axilla

Answer 7

the apex located just behind the clavicle

Question 8

how many branches are there of the axillary artery, name them

Answer 8

3, lateral thoracic - to medial wall, thoracocacromical - to anterior wall, sub scapular - to posterior wall

Question 9

where is the brachial plexus located

Answer 9

axilla

Question 10

what are the 5 major nerves

Answer 10

radial nerve, axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve

Question 11

what are the 5 roots of the nerves

Answer 11

c5-c8

Question 12

how many trunks do the nerves have, what are these trunks

Answer 12

3, upper, middle and lower

Question 13

how many divisions of nerves are there

Answer 13

6

Question 14

how many cords of nerves are there, what are they called

Answer 14

3, lateral cord, medial cord, posterior cord

Question 15

what is the lateral cord

Answer 15

anterior division of the upper and middle trunk

Question 16

what is the medial cord

Answer 16

anterior division of the lower trunk

Question 17

what is the posterior cord

Answer 17

three posterior division

Question 18

what are the two big terminal branches the posterior cord gives off

Answer 18

radial nerve (biggest) and the axillary nerve

Question 19

what does the lateral cord form

Answer 19

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 20

what does the medial cord form

Answer 20

ulnar nerve

Question 21

what are the bones of the pectoral girdle

Answer 21

scapula, clavicle, and the proximal humerus

Question 22

where is the scapula located

Answer 22

t2-t7

Question 23

scapula borders and angels

Answer 23

-superior border
-medial border
-lateral border
-superior angle
-inferior angle
-lateral angle

Question 24

glenoid fossa of scapula

Answer 24

-articulates with the head of the humerus

Question 25

Suprascapular notch

Answer 25

-where blood vessels and nerves run through

Question 26

Coracoid process

Answer 26

in the lateral angle

Question 27

Spine of the scapula

Answer 27

-posterior ridge
-turns into the acromion

Question 28

Acromion

Answer 28

-forms the point of the shoulder
-forms acromioclavicular joint

Question 29

Subscapular fossa

Answer 29

-anterior face (slightly concave)
-subscapularis muscle originates here

Question 30

Infraspinous fossa

Answer 30

-below spine
-posterior face (slightly concave)

Question 31

Supraspinous fossa

Answer 31

-depression above the spine
-posterior face (slightly concave)

Question 32

Clavicle ends

Answer 32

-roundish end (articulates with sternum at sternoclavicular joint)
-flatish end (articulates with scapula at acromioclavicular joint)
-this connection is the only articular attachment of the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Question 33

Proximal humerus head

Answer 33

-articulates with glenoid fossa forming the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)

Question 34

Proximal humerus neck(s)

Answer 34

-anatomical neck: located right under the head
-surgical neck: located further down and is where most fractures occur