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ANAT 315 > muscles of the back and neck > Flashcards

muscles of the back and neck Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of the first superficial layer of the back (extrinsic muscle)

A
  • trapezius
  • latissiums dorsi
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2
Q

Muscles of the second superficial layer of the back (extrinsic muscle)

A
  • levator scapulae
  • Rhomboid major and minor
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3
Q

Muscles of the third superficial layer of the back (extrinsic muscle)

A
  • serratus posterior superior
  • serratus posterior inferior
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4
Q

trapezius origin/insertion

A

origin - a line from the occipital bone (base of skull) down to vertebrae T12
insert - scapula

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5
Q

trapezius functions

A
  • upper fibers: elevation of the scapula
  • middle fibers: retraction of the scapula and upward rotation of the scapula
  • lower fibers: depression of the scapula and upward rotation of the scapula
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6
Q

trapezius innervation

A

cranial nerve, spinal accessory nerve

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7
Q

latissimus dorsi origin/insertion

A
  • very large origin including the crest (top end) of ilium, the lumbar fascia, the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebral spines (t7-t12) and lower three or four ribs
  • insertion on bicipital groove
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8
Q

latissimus dorsi functions

A

Functions (primary):
- extension
- adduction and medial (internal) rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
functions (secondary):
- bilateral: extension of the back
- unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

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9
Q

latissimus dorsi innervations

A

thoracodorsal nerve (part of the brachial plexus) (c6-c8)

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10
Q

seratus anterior origin/insertion

A

serrated origin from the lateral aspect of the upper nine ribs
fibres run laterally and then backwards around the ribcage and under the scapula then insert on its medial border

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11
Q

seratus anterior function

A

pulls the scapula forward (protraction) and rotates the glenoid fossa upwards

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12
Q

seratus anterior innervation

A

long thoracic nerve of the brachial plexus (c5-c7)

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13
Q

levator scapula origin/insertion

A

origin from the transverse process of c1-c4
insert on the upper medial border of the scapula

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14
Q

levator scapula function

A

elevation of the scapula, depress the glenoid fossa

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15
Q

seratus anterior innervation

A

branches of nerves c3-c5

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16
Q

rhomboids origin/insertion

A

minor origin- ligamentum nuchace and spinous process of c7 and t1
minor insertion - middle medial border of the scapula

major origin - spinous process t2-t5
major insertion - lower third the medial scapular border

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17
Q

rhomboid function

A

elevate and retract scapula and aid in depressing the glenoid fossa

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18
Q

rhomboid innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve (c5) of the brachial plexus

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19
Q

pectoralis major origin/insertion

A

two heads - two origins

clavicular head
origin- middle of clavicle

costal head
origin- upper costal cartilage and sternum

both insert on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove

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20
Q

pectorals major function

A

adducts, flexes and medially rotates the arm

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21
Q

pectorals major innervation

A

brachial plexus via the medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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22
Q

pectoralis minor origin/insertion

A

origin- ribs 3-5
insert- coracoid process

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23
Q

pectoralis minor function

A

stabilize the scapula and pull upward and forward on the rib cage

24
Q

pectoralis minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve

25
Q

deltoid origin/insertion

A

origin- continuous line from the lateral third of the clavicle to the acrominon and the lateral third of the spine of the scapula
insertion - v shaped roughness on the lateral upper humerus called the deltoid tubercle

26
Q

deltoid function

A

when all act once it is a powerful abductor of the arm
anterior fibres produce flexion
middle fibres produce abduction
posterior fibers produce extension

27
Q

deltoid innervation

A

axillary nerve and teres minor

28
Q

teres major insertion/origin

A

origin- lower part of back
insertion- medial lip of the occipital groove

29
Q

teres major function

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

30
Q

teres major innervation

A

lower sub scapular nerve

31
Q

how many muscles make up the rotator cuff and what are they called

A

4, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspimatus, and teres minor

32
Q

rotator curd insertion/origin, function

A

origin- scapula
insertion- humerus
function- dynamic ligaments to help reinforce the shoulder joint

33
Q

subscapularis origin/insertion

A

origin- most of anterior surface of scapula
insertion- lesser tubercle of the humerus

34
Q

subscapularis function

A

powerful medial rotator and weak adductor

35
Q

subscapularis innervation

A

sub scapular nerve

36
Q

supraspinatus origin/insertion

A

origin- suprasinous fossa
insertion- top facet of the greater tubercle

37
Q

supraspinatus function

A

iniates abduction

38
Q

supraspinatus innervation

A

supra scapular nerve

39
Q

teres minor origin/insertion

A

origin- lower lateral border
insertion- inferior facet of the greater tubercle

40
Q

teres minor function

A

lateral rotator

41
Q

teres minor innervation

A

axillary nerve

42
Q

infraspinatus origin/insertion

A

origin- infraspinous fossa
insertion- middle facet of the greater tubercle

43
Q

infraspinatus function

A

laterally rotates the humerus

44
Q

infraspinatus innervation

A

supra scapular nerve

45
Q

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint classification

A

synovial, triaxial, ball and socket

46
Q

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint movement

A

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial and lateral rotation

47
Q

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint bones involved

A

scapula, humerus

48
Q

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint ligaments

A

ligaments around joint are weak, except coracohumeral ligament

49
Q

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint innervation

A

axillary artery

50
Q

other joints in the shoulders

A

scapulo-thoracic joint

51
Q

what is the sternoclavicular joint

A

synovial joint between the clavicle and the manubrium (sternum), only joint connecting the upper limbs to the rest of the skeleton

52
Q

sternoclavicular joint function

A

range of circumduction

53
Q

how many ligaments reinforce the sternoclavicular joint

A

2, medial sternoclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament

54
Q

what is the acromioclavicular joint

A

articulation of the distal clavicle withe medial facing part of the arcrominon process (on the scapula)

55
Q

how is the acromioclavicular joint reinforced

A

coracoclavicular ligament

ANAT 315 (9 decks)

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