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ANAT 315 > the spine > Flashcards

the spine Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae compose the vertebral column?

A

32-34

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2
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there

A

7

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3
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there

A

12

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4
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

A

5

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5
Q

how are the vertebrae in the sacrum and how many are there

A

they are fused and there are 5

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6
Q

what is the trick to remember the # of vertebrae

A

breakfast at 7, lunch at 12, supper at 5

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7
Q

how is the spine curved?

A

-convex (2), concave (1), convex (2), concave (1)

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8
Q

at what moment do secondary curvatures mature?

A

throughout early life growth and development

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9
Q

how is the spinal column of a feutus?

A

totally concave anteriorly

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10
Q

how is the lumbar region of a newborn?

A

it has begun to convex anterioly

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11
Q

what is scoliosis?

A

curvature of the spine

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12
Q

what is kyphosis

A

excessive curvature in the upper thoracic region

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13
Q

what is lordosis

A

excessive curvature in the lumbar region

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14
Q

which vertebrae has a bifid spinous process?

A

cervical

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15
Q

which vertebrae has a short & wide spinous process?

A

lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

what is the function of the facets on the thoracic vertebrae?

A

they are there for the ribs

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17
Q

how many foramen are their in the cervical vertebrae? what are their names?
what is their function?

A

1x the large vertebral foramen
2x traverse foramina –> in these the vertebral artery can be seen to pass though it.

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18
Q

what is the correcponding name of the C2 vertebrae?

A

axis

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19
Q

what is the location of the Atlas?

A

C1

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20
Q

on what cervical vertebrae can the Dens be found?
what is its main functions?

A

C2 (axis) it enables C2 to articulate with C1

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21
Q

what does the atlas lack? what does it have instead?

A

it lacks a vertebral body & spinous process
it has both a posterior & anterior arch that connects to lateral masses

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22
Q

in the cervical vertebrae where are the pedicles located?

A

the pedicles attach the vertebral bodies

23
Q

what do the paired lamina join to form in the cervical vertebrae?

A

pair to form the spinous process

24
Q

what do the posterior and anterior foramina allow to pass through?

A

passage of spinal nerve branches

25
Q

what is the name of the joint between C1-C2

A

atlanto-axial joint

26
Q

what type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?

A

synovial

27
Q

what is included in the alanto-axial joint?

A

3 articulations;
one median articulation between the dens & anterior arch and 2 lateral articulations between the articular processes.

28
Q

what joint favours the movement of “no” through rotation of the head

A

the atlanto-axial joint

29
Q

what does the altanto-occipital joint join together?

A

joins the atlas to the skull

30
Q

what movement is promoted by the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

flexion and extension mimicing “yes”

31
Q

what type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

synovial joint

32
Q

what part of the atlas and the skull articulate together?

A

superior articular facets with the occipital condyles.

33
Q

where does the intervertebral joints form?

A

between intervertebral (IV) disks and the articular surfaces of vertebral bodies

34
Q

are there intervertebral disks at C1 & C2?

A

no

35
Q

what is the main function of the disks & how are they composed?

A

-act as shock absorbers
-outer fibrous ring: annulus fibrosis
-gelatinous core: nucleus pulpsus

36
Q

what is the trick to remember the planes of each spinal region relative to their apophyseal joints?

A

-raise the roof - cervical
-chest pump - thoracic
-clap - lumbar

37
Q

what are the movements favoured between the cervical & lumbar spine?

A

flexion & extension
lateral flexion & extension

38
Q

what are the movements favoured between the cervical & thoracic spine?

A

rotation of the neck and head
rotation of the upper trunk

39
Q

what is the main function of vertebral ligaments?

A

they support the joints of the vertebral colulmn

40
Q

what does the alar ligament do?

A

secures dens of C2 to the skull

41
Q

what does the transverse ligament do?

A

it secures the dens against the anterior arch of the atlas.

42
Q

what are the 2 longitudinal ligaments & what do they join?

A

-anterior longitudinal ligament
-posterior longitudinal ligament
-they join all of the vertebral bodies

43
Q

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament prevent?

A

-prevents hyperextension of the neck

44
Q

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament look like in comparaison to the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament is a broad fibrous ligament ranging from occipital bone to the sacrum whereas the posterior longitudinal ligament is a thin fibrous ligament ranging from C2 to the sacrum

45
Q

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament look like in comparaison to the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament is a broad fibrous ligament ranging from occipital bone to the sacrum whereas the posterior longitudinal ligament is a thin fibrous ligament ranging from C2 to the sacrum

46
Q

what does the posterior longitudinal ligament mainly attach to and what movement does it prevent?

A

it attaches mainly to the intervertebral dis IV and mainly prevents hyper flexion

47
Q

what ligament assists in limiting the flexion of the spine?
(SIN)

A

Supraspinous ligament
ligamentum of nuchae
Interspinous ligament

48
Q

what does the supraspinous ligament connect?

A

the posterior ridge of the spinous processes

49
Q

what is the ligamentum nuchae and extension of? and ranges along what?

A

its an extension of the supraspinous ligament and extends from the skull to C7

50
Q

what is the role of the ligamentum flavum?

A

limits flexion of the spine

51
Q

how does ligamentum flavum look like?

A

its a pair of ligaments that join the laminae of adjacent vertebrae on the posterior wall of the vertebral canal

52
Q

what ligaments assists in limiting contralateral, lateral flexion of the spine?

A

intertransverse ligaments

53
Q

what may hyperextension of the neck result in?

A

facture of the dens of the axis.

ANAT 315 (9 decks)

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