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Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by ulnar nerve?

A

Flexor digit-rum profundus (part and part medial nerve)

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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2
Q

Lateral border of cubital fossa

A

BRACHIORADIALIS

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3
Q

Medial border of cubital fossa

A

Pronator teres

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4
Q

What muscles extend and abduct the hand at wrist joint?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

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5
Q

What muscles have 2 heads?

A

Pronator teres
Supinator
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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6
Q

The middle trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by which roots C.

A

C7

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7
Q

The nerve supply and action of the muscle labelled X are:

A

See nerve first- ie forearm
Anterior compt median (two have ulnar)
Posterior compartment (radial)

Action- see compartment- flexor, extensor

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8
Q

The arch labelled A

A

Formed by the ulnar artery with some contribuiti9n from the radial artery

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9
Q

What structures pass in the triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

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10
Q

What is the superior border of triangular space?

A

Lower margin of teres minor

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11
Q

What is the inferior border of triangular space?

A

Upper margin of teres major

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12
Q

What is the lateral border of the triangular space?

A

Medial margin of long head of triceps

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13
Q

What are the borders of triangular space?

A

Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of triceps

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14
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

A

Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of triceps
Lateral head of triceps/humerus

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15
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Axillary nerve

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16
Q

What are the contents of the triangular interval

A

Profound a brachial artery

Radial nerve

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17
Q

What are the borders of the triangular interval?

A

Inferior margin of teres major
Lateral margin of long head of triceps
Medial margin of lateral head of triceps/humerus

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18
Q

To which spaces/intervals the humerus/lateral head of triceps constitutes the lateral border?

A

Quadrangular space

Triangular interval

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19
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus

A

C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

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20
Q

What are the roots of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 and C6

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21
Q

What are the roots of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

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22
Q

What are the roots of the lateral chord?

A

C5, C6 and C7

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23
Q

What are the roots of the posterior chord?

A

C5, C6,C7,C8, T1

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24
Q

What are the roots of the medial chord of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

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25
Q

Where does the axillary artery starts?

A

Lateral margin of first rib.

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26
Q

Where does the brachial artery starts?

A

Lower margin of teres major

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27
Q

4 muscles of the posterior forearm that attach in part to the interosseous membrane

A

Abductor pollicis lungus, extensor pollicis breves, extensor pollicis lungus, extensor indices.

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28
Q

What muscle of the hand are NOT supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A

Thenar, lateral 2 lumbricals

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29
Q

What muscles are supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS, muscles of hand.

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30
Q

What nerve passes through the 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

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31
Q

What nerve passes through the 2 heads of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

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32
Q

Where does the axillary nerve passes?

A

Quadrangular space with posterior circumflex humeral artery

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33
Q

What muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

A

Deltoid and Teres minor.

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34
Q

Teres minor innervation?

A

Axillary nerve

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35
Q

Where does axillary nerve originates?

A

Posterior chord (C5-C6)

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36
Q

Where does radial nerve originates?

A

Posterior chord (all roots)

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37
Q

What space/interval the radial nerve passes through?

A

Triangular interval with profunda brachii

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38
Q

What goes on the spiral groove of humerus?

A

Profunda brachiii and radial nerve

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39
Q

What are the borders of the snuffbox?

A

Extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus.

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40
Q

What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial artery, scaphoid, trapezium, base of 1st metacarpal, radial stiloyd process.

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41
Q

Superficial muscles of anterior compartment of forearm.

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris.

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42
Q

Intermediate muscles of flexor compartment of forearm.

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis.

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43
Q

Deep muscles of anterior forearm compartment.

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (sits on the ulna), flexor pollicis longus (‘sits on the radium), pronator quadratus.

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44
Q

Floor of cubital fossa

A

Brachialis tendon and supinator

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45
Q

Coracobrachialis action and innervation

A

Adduction, flexion at the GHJ, musculocutaneous

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46
Q

Biceps brachii insertion

A

Radial tuberosity

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47
Q

Biceps brachii action and innervation

A

Musculocutaneous, flexion at elbow, flexion at shoulder supination of forearm

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48
Q

Brachialis insertion

A

Coronoid process and ulna tuberosity

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49
Q

Brachialis action and innervation

A

Flexion at forearm, musculocutaneous, radial.

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50
Q

Triceps origin and insertion

A

Infraglenoid tubercle, posterior asurface of humerus to olecranon of ulna via common tendon.

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51
Q

Triceps action and innervation

A

Extension at arm and forearm, radial

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52
Q

Beginning and end of axillary artery

A

Lateral border of first rib to inferior border of teres major

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53
Q

Branches of 1st axillary artery

A

Superior thoracic artery

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54
Q

Branches of 2nd part of axillary artery

A

Toraco acromial trunk, lateral thoracic artery

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55
Q

Axillary artery 3rd part branches

A

Subscapular artery, anterior and posterior circumflex arteries

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56
Q

Veins that go through axilla

A

Axillary vein, basilic vein, cephalic vein

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57
Q

Axillary lateral wall

A

Intertubercular sulcus, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps

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58
Q

Axillary medial wall

A

Serratus anterior, ribs

59
Q

Axilla posterior wall

A

Latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, teres major

60
Q

Axilla anterior wall

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius

61
Q

Pectoralis major insertion

A

Lateral lip of intertubrcular sulcus

62
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

63
Q

Pectoral is major action

A

Medial rotation, adduction

64
Q

Pectoralis minor origin and insertion

A

3-5 ribs to coracoid process

65
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

66
Q

Pectoralis minor action

A

Protracts and stabilises scapula

67
Q

Subclavius innervation

A

Nerve to subclavius

68
Q

Subclavius action

A

Stabilises clavicle

69
Q

Lattissimus dorsi insertion

A

Floor of intrtubercular sulcus

70
Q

Latissimus dorsi action

A

Adducts, medially rotates and extends arm at GHJ

71
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

72
Q

Teres major origin and insertion

A

Inferior angle of scapula to medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

73
Q

Teres major action

A

Lateral rotation

74
Q

Teres major innervation

A

Lower subscapular nerve

75
Q

Subscapularis action and innervation

A

Medial rotation, upper and lower subscapular nerves

76
Q

Posterior Axioappendicular muscles of pectoral girdle

A

Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, elevator scapulae, rhomboids.

77
Q

Rhomboids innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (c5)

78
Q

Anterior axioappendicular muscles

A

Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Subclavius, serratus anterior

79
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve (c5,C6,c7)

80
Q

Scapulohumeral muscles

A

Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff muscles

81
Q

Deltoid innervation

A

Axillary nerve

82
Q

Teres major innervation

A

Lower subscapular nerve

83
Q

Supraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve (c5,C6)

84
Q

Infraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve

85
Q

Teres minor innervation

A

Axillary nerve

86
Q

Subscapularis innervation

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

87
Q

Muscles innervated by axillary nerve?

A

Deltoid and teres minor

88
Q

Thenar eminence muscles

A

Flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponent pollicis

89
Q

Hypothenar eminence muscles

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, opponent digiti minimi

90
Q

Intrinsic hand muscles

A

Lumbricals (4), palmaris brevis, palmar introssei, dorsal introssei, adductors (oblique and transverse)

91
Q

Muscles of thenar eminence innervation

A

Median nerve

92
Q

Hypothenar eminence innervation

93
Q

Lateral lumbricoid innervation

A

Median nerve

94
Q

Medial 2 lumbricoids innervation

A

Ulnar nerve

95
Q

Long thoracic nerve roots

96
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve origin

97
Q

Nerves originating from superior trunk of brachial plexus?

A

Suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius

98
Q

Nerves originating from lateral chord?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous, part of median nerve

99
Q

Nerves originating from posterior chord of brachial plexus

A

Superior subscapular nerve, inferior subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve

100
Q

Nerves originating from medial cord of brachial plexus

A

Medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, ulnar, part of median

101
Q

Pronator teres O and I

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus to a point between the 1st and 2nd 3rd of lateral aspect of radius

102
Q

Pronator teres action and innervation

A

Pronator of forearm, median nerve

Has 2 heads one deeper

103
Q

What runs between 2 heads of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

104
Q

Flexor carpi radialis origin insertion, action and innervation

A

Flexor of wrist assist slight flexion of elbow, radial deviation (abduction of wrist)
Lateral to it at the wrist level we can palpate the radial artery
Medial nerve
From medial epicondylitis to bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

105
Q

Palmaris longus

A

From medial epycondyle, passess ovger flexor retinaculum and inserts into most proximal aspect of palmar aponeurosis

Median nerve

Flexion in the wrist area (slight)
Improves grip strength (by tightening palmar aponeurosis)

106
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar head - back of ulna
Humeral head - lateral epycondyle to pisiform, hook of hamate and base of fifth metacarpal.

Flexor of wrist, ulnar deviation (adduction at wrist)

107
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexion of digit 2 3 4 5.
4 tendons, pass through carpal tunnel

From medial epycondyle and shaft of the radius - then 4 tendons that slip (to allow profundus to come to superficial) and insert onto the side of the distal end of the middle phalanx

Median nerve

108
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Tendons pass deep to tendons of flex digit superficialis up to where the superficialis tendons bifurcate.

Flexor of metacarpofalangeal joints and distal interphalangeal all joints

Median nerve in lateral aspect (lateral 2 digits take median nerve- indice e medio)
Ulnar nerve innervation for medial digits.

109
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

From radius, through carpal tunnel, attaches to base of distal phalanx of thumb
Median nerve

110
Q

Pronator teres action and innervation

A

Pronation, median nerve

111
Q

Interosseus mbn

A

Separates anterior and posterior compartment.

112
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis O and I

A

Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and adjacent flexor retinaculum to proximal phalanx and extensor hood of the thumb

113
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis O and I

A

From tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum to proximal phalanx

114
Q

Opponents pollicis O and I

A

Tubercle of trapezium to lateral margin and ajacient palmar surface of the metacarpal 1 (like the others?)

115
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

From pisiform, pisohamate ligament and tendon fo the flexor carpi ulnaris to proximal phalanx of the finger

116
Q

Flexor digiti mimimi brevis O and I

A

Same as abductor digiti minimi?

117
Q

Opponents digiti minimi O and I

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum to medial aspect of fifth metacarpal.

118
Q

Palmaris brevis

A

Over Hypothenar muscles\

Improve grip strength deepens the cup of the hand

119
Q

Lumbricals O and I

A

Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus, they wrap around to the dorsal side of the hand and they insert into the extensor hood of the digit.

120
Q

Lumbricals action and innervation

A

Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint and extension of interphalangeal joints

Median nerve (lateral 2)
Ulnar nerve (medial 2)
121
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Oblique head - capitate and base of 2 and 3rd metacarpals to medial aspect and base of proximal phalanx and extensor hood of the thumb
Transverse head- metacarpal no.3 and inserts into similar region.

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

122
Q

Dorsal interossei (4) and palmar interossei (2-4)

A

Dorsal- adjacent sides of metacarpal bones to opposite side onto the extensor hood.
Palmar- sides of metacarpals they are associated with to extensor hood.

Action- PAD-DAB
Dorsal- abduction of index, middle and ring fingers @ metacarpophalangeal joints
Palmar- adduction of thumb, index, ring and little fingers at eye metacarpophalangeal joints

123
Q

Lateral boundary of snuffbox

A

Extensor pollicis longus

124
Q

Medial boundary of snuffbox

A

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

125
Q

Snuffbox contents lateral to medial

A

Extensor pol long
Radial artery
Ext pol brevis
Abductor pol long

126
Q

Radial and ulnar arteries position in forearm

A

RA runs laterally
UA runs medially
BA enters medially in the forearm.

127
Q

Superficial palmar arch position

A

Above the superficial tendons below the aponeurosis. Forms from anastomosis of radial and ulnar arteries—- primarily from ulnar artery and contribuition from the radial artery (specif. Superficial branch of the radial artery)

128
Q

Deep palmar arch

A

Formed primarily by the radial artery, contribution from ulna (specif. Deep branch of ulnar.

129
Q

Superficial palmar arch branches

A

Common digital palmar arteries (between the digits) bifurcate > proper palmar digital arteries

130
Q

Blood supply to thumb

A

Proper palmar digital arteries from the radial sides

131
Q

Veins of hand

A

Interconnection between superficial and deep veins

Deep veins follow arteries.

Superficial veins drain into the dorsal venous network (back of hand over metacarpal bones) >cephalic vein and basilic vein> axillary vein> superior vena cava.

132
Q

Superficial venous palmar arch and deep venous palmar arch

A

2 vessels, follow arteries.

133
Q

Palmar metacarpal veins and palmar digital veins

A

Similar to arteries

Flow to basilic and cephalic veins.

134
Q

Median nerve in hand

A

Enters the forearm through 2 heads of pronator teres, goes into carpal tunnel.

-Palmar cutaneous branch (superficial branch of the radial nerve before the flexor retinaculum).

135
Q

Positions of nerves in hand

A

Laterally we have radial nerve
Medially ulnar nerve
In the middle median nerve

136
Q

Ulnar nerve position in hand

A

Below flexor retinaculum but superficial to transverse carpal ligament (also spared in carpal tunnel syndrome (like superficial median branch).

137
Q

Median nerve supply in hand

A

Lateral 1 2 3 and a half digits including the palm (palm innervated by Parkman cutaneous branch).
3 and a half digits on posterior side (superior aspect only)

138
Q

Ulnar nerve supply in hand

A

Medial 1 and a half digits anterior and posterior/palmar dorsal aspects.

139
Q

Radial nerve supply in hand

A

Small part on lateral aspect of thumb (near the thenar eminence)

Posterior aspect of the lateral 3 and a half digits beneath median nerve.

140
Q

Branches of median nerve in hand

A

Common palmar digital branches -for digits

Recurrent branch - specific for the thenar eminence (motor supply- atrophy of thenar in carpal tunnel synd)

141
Q

Radial nerve branches in hand

A

Dorsal digital branches (of radial nerve- superficial branch - deep arises before and inn. Post comp forearm) - sensory innervation across back of the hand to lateral 3 digits.

142
Q

Ulnar nerve branches in hand

A

Deep branch- most intrinsic muscles of the hand (lumbricals, interossei, Hypothenar eminence etc.)
Common palmar digital branch - medial 1 and a half digits (superficial branch?)

143
Q

Carpal tunnel contents

A

4 superficial tendons -flexor digit sup
4 tendons - flex digit prof
Median nerve
Flexor pollicis longus

144
Q

Carpal tunnel floor

A 
Medial to lateral:
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

Anatomy (7 decks)

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