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Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 muscles of medial compartment of the tight?

A

Gracilis, 3 adductor muscles, obturator externus and pectineus.

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2
Q

What nerves innervate the medial compartment of the tight?

A

Obturator nerve, femoral nerve (pectineus) and sciatic nerve (hamstring part of adductor magnus)

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3
Q

Pectineus innervation and action?

A

Femoral nerve, adduction and flexion (hip joint).

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4
Q

Adductor Magnus innervation?

A

Obturator nerve L2-4( adductor part) and tibial branch of sciatic nerve (hamstring part) L4-S3.

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5
Q

What muscles of the medial compartment of tight adducttion and flexion at hip/knee joint?

A

Gracilis (knee joint) and pectineus (hip joint).

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6
Q

What muscles of the medial compartment of tight adduct and medially rotate?

A

Adductor longus, brevis and Magnus.

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7
Q

What muscle of the medial compartment of thigh gives lateral rotation

A

Obturator externus

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8
Q

Pectineus origin and insertion

A

Pectineus line of the superior pubic ramus to lesse trochanter and Linea aspera (posterior surface of femur).

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9
Q

Gracilis is the most medial and superficial of the medial compartment, origin and insertion?

A

Anterior surface of the body of the pubis to proximal tibia

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10
Q

Adductor longus origin and insertion

A

Anterior surface of the body of the pubis (alongside Gracilis) to linea aspera. It is the most anterior adductor

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11
Q

Adductor brevis origin and insertion

A

Body of the pubis to linea aspera

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12
Q

Adductor Magnus origin and insertion

A

Inferior surface of inferior pubic ramus to posterior surface of femur, linea aspera (adductor part) and ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle (hamstring part).

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13
Q

Obturator externus origin and insertion

A

External surface of the obturator membrane and adjacent bone to inter trochanteric fossa.

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14
Q

What structures does the obturator nerve innervates?

A

Muscles of medial compartment of tight- adductors, Gracilis, obturator externus and skin on medial aspect of the tight.

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15
Q

Femoral triangle contents

A

Lymphatic structures, femoral artery, profunda femoris artery, femoral vein, profunda femoris vein and femoral nerve.

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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament, medial border of adductor longus (medial border), medial border of sartorius (lateral border).

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17
Q

Floor of femoral triangle

A

PECTINEUS, ADDUCTOR LONGUS and ileopsoas (?)

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18
Q

Behind what muscle do femoral vein and artery descend?

A

Sartorius (and vastus med?)

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19
Q

Between which muscles femoral artery and vein descend after sartorius?

A

Behind vastus muscles and on the surface of adductor longus muscle.

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20
Q

What structures pass through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral vein and artery.

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21
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the tight? (7)

A

Psoas major, Illiacus, 3xVastus muscles (intermedium’s medialis and lateralis), recuts femoris, sartorius.

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22
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of tight?

A

Femoral nerve and anterior rami L1-3 spinal nerves (psoas major)

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23
Q

What 2 muscles of the anterior compartment of tight flex the hip?

A

Psoas major and illiacus (also recuts femoris and sartorius)

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24
Q

What muscles of the anterior tigh compartment are knee extensors ?

A

Vastus medialis, intermedium’s and lateralis (and also recuts femoris)

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25
Q

Recuts femoris action

A

Hip flexion and knee extension

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26
Q

Sartorius action

A

Hip flexion, knee FLEXION, lateral rotation of hip

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27
Q

Psoas major origin and insertion

A

TRANSVERSE PROCESSES, VERTEBRAL BODIES OF THE LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, LATERAL ASPECT OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS to lesser trochanter of the femur

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28
Q

Iliacus muscle origin and insertion

A

Inner aspect of the wing of the ilium to lesser trochanter of the femur.

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29
Q

Where does the Iliopsoas travel?

A

Pass over the superior ramus of the pubic bone, underneath pubic ligament, travel in inguinal canal then inferiorly and backwards to the insertion.

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30
Q

Rectus femoris origin and insertion.

A

Anterior-inferior iliac spine and ridge above acetabulum to tibial tuberosity (quadriceps tendon)

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31
Q

Recuts femoris action and innervation

A

Femoral nerve, flexion of hip and extension of knee

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32
Q

Sartorius origin and insertion

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to medial side of tibia.

Most superficial muscle of the thigh, travels in spiral fashion

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33
Q

Vastus intermedium’s origin and insertion? (Deepest of vastus muscles)

A

Anterior and lateral parts of proximal femur to tibial tuberosity (via quadriceps tendon)

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34
Q

Vastus medialis origin and insertion

A

Medial side of linea aspera in the posterior femur and below the lesser trochanter to tibial tuberosity (via quadriceps tendon)

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35
Q

Vastus lateralis origin and insertion

A

Lateral side of linea aspera and just below greater trochanter to tibial tuberosity (via quadriceps tendon)

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36
Q

The patella is…

A

Sesamoid bone that exist within the quadriceps tendon, improves the function of the quadriceps muscles

37
Q

Name the 4 quadriceps muscles

A

Recuts femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis.

38
Q

What are the muscles of the gluteal region?

A

SUPERFICIAL: 3x gluteus, tensor fasciae latae
DEEP: piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris

39
Q

Gluteus maximus origin and insertion

A

Ilium (behind posterior gluteal line), dorsal surface of the lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of the sacrotuberous ligament to posterior aspect of fascia lata- part of the iliotibial tract (lateral condyle of the tibia) and gluteal tuberosity of femur.

40
Q

Gluteus maximus action and innervation.

A

MAIN: extension of thigh@ hip joint, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh, lateral stabilisation of hip joint.
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

41
Q

Tensor fascia latae origin and insertion

A

ILIAC CREST TO ILIOTIBIAL TRACT (LATERAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA). Lateral aspect of iliac crest (between anterior superior iliac spine and the tubercule of iliac crest to anterior aspect of illiotibial tract.

42
Q

Tensor fascia latae action and innervation

A

Flexor of the hip joint, works in conjunction with other abductors and medial rotators of the hip joint (gluteus minimus and medius), stabilises the knee in extension.
Superior gluteal nerve.

43
Q

Gluteus medius origin and insertion

A

Ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines) to lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur.

44
Q

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus action and innervation

A

Abduction and medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint. Hold pelvis secure over stance leg and prevent pelvic drop. Both superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

45
Q

Gluteus minimus origin and insertion

A

Ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines -but inferiorly to the origin of glut medius) to anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter

46
Q

Piriformis origin and insertion

A

Anterior surface of the sacrum to superior aspect of greater trochanter of femur

47
Q

Piriformis action and innervation

A

Laterally rotates extended femur and abduction of flexed femur at hip.
Nerve to piriformis

48
Q

Obturator internus origin and insertion

A

Obturator membrane (medial surface) and surrounding bone to medial side of greater trochanter of femur (inferior to insertion of piriformis).

49
Q

Obturator internus action and innervation

A

Lateral rotation of extended femur, abduction flexed femur at hip, assists in holding femoral head in acetabulum.
Nerve to obturator internus

50
Q

Superior and Inferior gemellus muscles origin and insertion

A

Ischial spine (superior)/ischial tuebrosity (inferior) to obturator internus tendon and medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur

51
Q

Gemellus superior and inferior action and innervation

A

Lateral rotation of extended femur, abduction of flexed femur at hip, steadying femoral head in acetabulum.

Nerve to obturator internus (sup) and nerve to quadratus femoris (inf).

52
Q

Quadratus femoris origin and insertion

A

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity to inter trochanteric crest of femur.

53
Q

Quadratus femoris action and innervation

A

Lateral rotation of femur at hip joint, stedie femoral head in acetabulum.
Nerve to quadratus femoris.

54
Q

What arteries enter the gluteal region from the pelvic cavity?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries.

55
Q

What do superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply?

A

Gluteal region and posterior tight

56
Q

From where do the sup and inf gluteal arteries originate?

A

Internal iliac artery - sup (from posterior trunk) inf (from anterior trunk)

57
Q

Through where do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries exit the pelvic cavity to enter into the gluteal region?

A

Greater sciatic for amen

58
Q

What structures pass superior and inferior to piriformis?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

59
Q

What happens to to superior gluteal artery after passing through the foremen?

A

Divides into superficial branch (to gluteus maximus) and deep branch (passing between gluteus medius and gluteus minimus -also supplies tensor fascia latae).

60
Q

Vascular supply of hip joint

A

Superior gluteal artery

61
Q

Piriformis vascular supply

A

Both inferior and superior gluteal arteries and internal pudendal artery

62
Q

Internal iliac artery branches

A

Superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal artery (lies anterior to the inferior gluteal artery)

63
Q

Venous drainage of gluteal muscles

A

Superior and inferior gluteal veins enter pelic cavity through greater sciatic foramen —>internal iliac vein (together with obturator vein) -> common iliac vein-> inferior vena cava

64
Q

What muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)?

A

Gluteus minimus and gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae

65
Q

What structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries, superior and inferior gluteal veins, superior and inferior gluteal nerves, nerve to quadratus femoris, sciatic nerve.

66
Q

What is the only nerve sitting superior to piriformis muscle?

A

Superior gluteal nerve.

67
Q

Where does the inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) nerve sits after passing through sciatic foramen?

A

Inferior to piriformis and posterior to sciatic nerve.

68
Q

What muscles are innervated by nerve to quadratus femoris?

A

Quadratus femoris, inferior gemellus muscle

69
Q

What muscles are innervated by nerve to obturator internus?

A

Obturator internus (passing through lesser sciatic foramen) and superior gemellus muscle (passing through greater sciatic foramen)

70
Q

What muscles form the posterior compartment of the tight?

A

Hamstrings: Biceps femoris (laterally), semitendinosous (more medial) and semimembranosous.

71
Q

General action of hamstring muscles?

A

Extension of tight at hip joint and felxion of the knee joint

72
Q

Biceps femoris origin and insertion?

A

Upper area of ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera (short head) to head of fibula (lateral surface). Extensions from the tendon blend with the fibulae collateral ligament and ligaments on the lateral side of the knee joint.

73
Q

Bicep femoris action and innervation?

A

Extension and lateral rotation of thigh at hip, flexion and lateral rotation of leg at the knee, Sciatic nerve (tibial division for long head and common fibular division for short head)

74
Q

Semitendinosus origin and insertion

A

Upper area of ischial tuberosity to Medial surface of tibia (posterior to the insertions of Gracilis and sartorius)

75
Q

Semitendinosus action and innervation

A

Extension and medial rotation of tight at hip, flexion and medial rotation of leg at knee.
Tibial division of sciatic nerve

76
Q

Semimembranosus origin and insertion

A

Ischial tuberosity auto medial condyle of tibia (posterior part).

77
Q

Semimembranosus action and innervation

A

Extension and medial rotation of tight at hip joint, flexion and medial rotation of leg at knee joint.
Tibial division of sciatic nerve

78
Q

What arteries supply the tight?

A

Femoral artery, obturator artery, inferior gluteal artery.

79
Q

What arteries supply posterior tight?

A

Inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries (from profunda femoris)

80
Q

Muscles supplied by inferior gluteal artery

A

Gluteus maximus,
Obturator internus,
quadratus femoris,
Superior part of hamstrings

81
Q

Muscles supplied by profunda femoris

A

Hamstring muscles

82
Q

What passes through adductor Magnus

A

Perforating arteries

83
Q

Venous drainage of tight

A

DEEP: Perforating veins—> profunda femoris vein—> femoral vein—> common iliac vein—-> inferior vena cava
SUPERFICIAL: travel independent of main arteries, great saphenous vein, small saphenous vein.

84
Q

Venous drainage of posterior tight

A

Perforating veins and great saphenous vein—>femoral vein

85
Q

Where is the sciatic nerve situated in the posterior tight?

A

Lies on adductor Magnus and is crossed by the long head of biceps femoris.

86
Q

What nerves form the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve (medially) and common fibula nerve (laterally).

87
Q

Tibial division of sciatic nerve innervates

A

Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus and long head of biceps femoris muscle
Hamstring part of adductor Magnus

88
Q

Common fibulae division of sciatic nerve innervates

A

Short head of biceps femoris

Anatomy (7 decks)

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