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MSK anatomy > Upper limb 1 > Flashcards

Upper limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

pyramidal space below the shoulder joint

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2
Q

Function of axilla

A

passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from the upper limb

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3
Q

Anterior wall of axilla

A

pec major and pec minor (+subclavius)

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4
Q

Posterior wall of axilla

A

teres major + subscapularis

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5
Q

Medial wall of axilla

A

serratus anterior and thoracic wall

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6
Q

Lateral wall of axilla

A

intertubercular groove of humerus

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7
Q

The axillary artery is the continuation of which artery?

A

subclavian

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8
Q

at what anatomical point does the axillary artery start?

A

lateral border of 1st rib

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9
Q

Axillary artery continues beyond the axilla as which vessel?

A

brachial

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10
Q

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

distal to inferior border of teres major

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11
Q

When may compression of axillary artery be necessary?

A

profuse bleeding due to severe injury of upper limb

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12
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

ventral rami of C5-T1

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13
Q

major branches of brachial plexus

A

radial, ulnar, musculocutaneous, median, axillary

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14
Q

Which nerves roots form upper trunk?

A

C5+6

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15
Q

Erb’s point and clinical relevance

A

union of C5+C6

injury at birth or fall on shoulders (hyperextension) - paralyse arm muscles –> waiter’s tip

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16
Q

Waiters tip position

A

erb’s palsy

medially rotated with wrist flexed

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17
Q

Which group of muscles affected in erb’s palsy?

A

BBC muscles - musculocutaneous nerve

brachioradialis and deltoid - axillary nerve

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18
Q

Roots of lower trunk of brachial plexus

A

C8+T1

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19
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A

intrinsic muscles of hand and ulnar flexors of wrist and fingers - claw hand
lower trunk affected

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20
Q

Cause of klumpke’s palsy

A

undue abduction of arm

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21
Q

How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?

A

relation to axillary artery

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22
Q

Brachial plexus nerves and their cords

A

musculocutaneous - lateral cord
axillary, radial - posterior cord
median - lateral and medial cord
ulnar - medial cord

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23
Q

Where do the cephalic and basilic veins arise?

A

cephalic - lateral end of dorsal venous arch

basilic - medial end of dorsal venous arch

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24
Q

What is the median cubital vein?

A

large communicating vein shunting blood from cephalic to basilic vein

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25
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by one spinal segment

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26
Q

Where do all upper limb lymphatic vessels drain?

A

axillary LN

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27
Q

5 distinct axillary LN groups

A 
pectoral 
subscapular 
apical 
central 
lateral
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28
Q

Why can infected umbilicus spread to axillary and superficial inguinal LN?

A

cephalic to umbilicus - axillary
caudal to umbilicus - inguinal
watershed region

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29
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

connects upper limb to axial skeleton

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30
Q

Upper limb and pectoral girdle articulating point

A

acromioclavicular joint

31
Q

Clavicle break

A

middle and lateral 1/3 junction

32
Q

AC joint

A

synovial plane

33
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

synovial saddle

34
Q

Movement of shoulder joint involves what?

A

AC, SC and shoulder joint

35
Q

scapula-humeral rhythm

A

beyond 30 degrees for every 3 degrees of abduction 2 occurs at shoulder and 1 at scapula-thoracic
2:1

36
Q

Elevation of scapula

A

levetor scapulae
trapezius
rhomboids
serratus anterior

37
Q

Depression of scapula

A

lower trapezius and serratus anterior

38
Q

protraction of scapula

A

serratus anterior

pec major and minor

39
Q

Retraction of scapula

A

middle fibres of trapezius and rhomboids

40
Q

Lateral rotation of scapula

A

superior and inferior trapezius

inferior serratus anterior

41
Q

medial rotation of scapula

A

rhomboids, pec major, gravity, levator scapulae

42
Q

Shoulder - joint type and what each part is

A

synovial ball and socket

ball is humeral head and socket is glenoid cavity

43
Q

Rim of cartilage around glenoid cavity

A

glenoid labrum

44
Q

Glenoid labrum function

A

insertion for structures

deepens socket and increases SA

45
Q

Glenohumeral ligament strengthens…

A

anterior aspect of joint

46
Q

Coracohumeral ligament strengthens…

A

superior aspect of joint capsule

47
Q

Coraco-acromial arch parts

A

acromion
coracoid process
coracoacromial ligament

48
Q

function of coraco-acromial arch

A

prevents displacement of humeral head

49
Q

What part of shoulder joint is weakest and why?

A

inferior part

not protected by any muscles or ligaments

50
Q

Which shoulder bursa communicates with joint cavity?

A

subscapular

51
Q

subacromial bursa function

A

facilitate movement of supraspinous tendon and deltoid over joint capsule

52
Q

subacromial bursa injury

A

dislocation of glenohumeral joint

53
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles

A

teres minor
subscapularis
supraspinatous
infraspinatous

54
Q

Glenohumeral joint movements - rotator cuff

A

abduction, external and internal rotation

55
Q

Rotator cuff main function

A

stability

56
Q

Deltoid attachments

A

lateral spine of scapula
across acromion
lateral third of clavicle

57
Q

Anterior fibres of deltoid

A

flex and medially rotates

58
Q

Middle fibres of deltoid

A

abduction

59
Q

Posterior fibres of deltoid

A

extend and laterally rotate

60
Q

Nerve supply to deltoid

A

Axillary - C5/6

61
Q

Common injury trapping axillary nerve

A

surgical neck of humerus fracture

62
Q

Loss of sensation - axillary nerve

A

regimental badge area - lateral arm

63
Q

Origin of pec major fibres

A

medial third of clavicle, sternum and rubs

64
Q

Pec major - shoulder

A

flex, adduct and internally rotate humerus

65
Q

Deltopectoral triangle

A

space below clavicle - between deltoid and pec major

subclavian vein

66
Q

nerve supply of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve - C5-7

67
Q

Injury to long thoracic nerve and when this could happen

A

winged scapula

surgery for breast cancer

68
Q

Superior fibres of trapezius - scapula

A

elevates

69
Q

Medial fibres of trapezius - scapula

A

retracts

70
Q

Inferior fibres of trapezius - scapula

A

depress

71
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

CN 11 - spinal accessory nerve

72
Q

Teres major on shoulder joint

A

adduct and medially rotate

73
Q

Lattisimus dorsi on shoulder

A

extends, adducts and medially rotate

74
Q

Lateral or external rotation of shoulder

A

teres minor and infraspinatus

MSK anatomy (8 decks)

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