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MSK anatomy > Lower limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

2 superficial veins of lower limb

A

great and small saphenous

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2
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus?

A

great saphenous

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3
Q

Which vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus?

A

small saphenous

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4
Q

Which veins do small and great saphenous empty into?

A 
great = femoral
small = popliteal
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5
Q

Varicose veins (which vein more common?)

A

dilated superficial veins due to incompetent valves

great saphenous

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6
Q

Important LN arrangements

A

superficial and deep inguinal

popliteal

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7
Q

Hip joint type

A

synovial ball and socket

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8
Q

Why is hip joint more stable than shoulder joint?

A

deep socket, stability and weight bearing

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9
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

fibrocartilaginous ring surrounding hip joint which increases its depth

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10
Q

Function of acetabular labrum

A

allow head of femur to articulate with pelvis

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11
Q

3 main ligaments of hip joint

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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12
Q

Iliofemoral ligament prevents what?

A

hyperextension of hip joint

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13
Q

pubofemoral ligament prevents what?

A

hyperabduction of hip joint

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14
Q

Movements permitted at hip joint

A

flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
circumduction
medial and lateral rotation

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15
Q

Chief flexor of thigh

A

iliopsoas

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16
Q

Flexors of the thigh

A

iliopsoas
pectineus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris

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17
Q

Extensors of hip joint

A 
gluteus maximus 
biceps femoris 
semitendinosis 
semimembranosus 
adductor magnus
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18
Q

Main extensor of hip joint

A

gluteus maximus

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19
Q

When is gluteus maximus strong and when is it relatively inactive?

A

sitting and climbing stairs

inactive when walking

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20
Q

What compartment of the thigh is responsible for adduction?

A

medial

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21
Q

adductor muscles

A 
adductor magnus
adductor longus 
adductor brevis
gracilis 
obturator externus 
pectineus
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22
Q

Innervation of adductor compartment

A

obturator

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23
Q

How obturator nerve exits the pelvis?

A

via obturator canal which passes through obturator foramen

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24
Q

What muscles abduct the hip?

A 
gluteus medius and minimus
piriformis 
gemelli
obturator internus 
TFL
quadratus femoris
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25
Q

What prevents the pelvis dropping when 1 leg is raised?

A

abductors on the opposite side

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26
Q

medial rotators of hip joint

A

gluteus minimus and medius

TFL

27
Q

4 heads of quariceps femoris?

A

vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedialis
rectus femoris

28
Q

Which nerve innervates quadriceps?

A

femoral nerve (l2-4)

29
Q

Action of rectus femoris on hip

A

stabilisation to help iliopsoas flex

30
Q

What forms quadriceps tendon and what does this continue as?

A

4 parts of quadriceps unite proximal to patella

patellar ligament distal to patella as it attaches on tibia

31
Q

Quadriceps action on knee

32
Q

3 actions of sartorius on hip

A

flexion
lateral rotation
abduction

33
Q

sartorius action on knee

34
Q

What movement shows action of sartorius muscle?

A

place heel on opposite patella

35
Q

Why does sartorius both flex hip and knee joint?

A

spirals around thigh from lateral to medial crossing hip anteriorly and knee posteriorly

36
Q

5 medial thigh muscles

A 
adductor magnus 
adductor longus 
adductor brevis 
gracilis 
obturator externus
37
Q

innervation of medial thigh muscles

A

obturator nerve (l2-4)

38
Q

Structures passing through adductor hiatus

A

femoral artery and vein

39
Q

Femoral artery is a continuation of which artery?

A

external iliac artery

40
Q

Where does external iliac artery –> femoral artery?

A

middle of inguinal ligament

41
Q

Femoral artery enters thigh midway between which 2 bony structures?

A

ASIS and pubic symphysis

42
Q

Branch of femoral artery passing posteriorly towards hamstrings?

A

profundal femoris

43
Q

Femoral vein is a continuation of which vein?

44
Q

Femoral vein passes under inguinal ligament to become..

A

external iliac vein

45
Q

2 important veins draining into femoral triangle

A

profundal femoris vein

great saphenous vein

46
Q

Cannulation of femoral vein is used for what?

A

cardiac angiography

47
Q

Largest branch of lumbar plexus

A

femoral nerve

48
Q

Femoral triangle

A

triangular depression below inguinal ligament

49
Q

medial border of femoral triangle

A

adductor longus

50
Q

Lateral border of femoral triangle

51
Q

base of femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

52
Q

3 main contents of femoral triangle

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral nerve

53
Q

Femoral sheath

A

funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds proximal part of femoral vessels - NOT nerve
creates femoral canal medial to them which contains lymphatics

54
Q

Femoral hernia

A

femoral ring is weak - females

55
Q

mnemonic for femoral canal contents

56
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

femoral triangle structures leave distally an burrow beneath muscles to create canal

57
Q

How does canal reach popliteal fossa?

A

passes through adductor hiatus within tendon of adductor magnus and emerges posterior to knee

58
Q

Adductor canal serves a role in which name change?

A

anterior femoral artery –> posterior popliteal artery

59
Q

When does anterior femoral artery –> posterior popliteal artery name change occur?

A

adductor hiatus

60
Q

Adductor canal contents

A

femoral vein and artery
saphenous nerve
nerve to vastus medialis

61
Q

Why is it called Hunter’s canal?

A

John Hunter

ligate femoral artery in adductor canal to treat popliteal artery aneurysms

62
Q

Where does lumbar plexus nerves emerge?

A

through psoas major on posterior abdominal wall

63
Q

2 major nerves of lumbar plexus

A

femoral and obturator

64
Q

Lumbar plexus roots

MSK anatomy (8 decks)

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