Lower limb 2

Question 1

Pelvic girdle

Answer 1

bony ring consisting of sacrum and Left and right hip bones, joined anteriorly at pubic symphysis and posteriorly by SI joints

Question 2

Sciatic foramen for structures entering/leaving pelvis

Answer 2

greater

Question 3

sciatic foramen for structures entering/leaving perineum

Answer 3

lesser

Question 4

How many layers of gluteal muscles?

Answer 4

2 - superficial and deep

Question 5

4 muscles of superficial layer of gluteal muscles

Answer 5

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
TFL

Question 6

4 muscles of deep layer of gluteal muscles

Answer 6

piriformis
obturator internus
superior and inferior gemelli
quadratus femoris

Question 7

What is fascial lata?

Answer 7

deep fascia of the thigh

Question 8

2 muscles attached to iliotibial tract

Answer 8

TFL

gluteus maximus

Question 9

Actions of gluteus maximus

Answer 9

extend the hip and lateral rotation

Question 10

Innervation of gluteus maximus

Answer 10

inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

Question 11

gluteus medius+ minimus and TFL action

Answer 11

abduction and medial rotators of hip

Question 12

innervation of gluteus medius+ minimus and TFL

Answer 12

superior gluteal nerve (l4-s1)

Question 13

deep gluteal muscles action

Answer 13

stabilise hip joint and lateral rotators

Question 14

Anterior to which muscle is sacral plexus found?

Answer 14

piriformis

Question 15

Sacral plexus is formed by what?

Answer 15

ventral rami of L4-S4

Question 16

2 main branches of sacral plexus

Answer 16

sciatic

pudendal

Question 17

What is the lumbosacral trunk formed by?

Answer 17

union of L4+5

Question 18

superior gluteal nerve roots

Answer 18

L4-S1

Question 19

Inferior gluteal nerve roots

Answer 19

L5-S2

Question 20

2 branches of sciatic nerve

Answer 20

common fibular

tibial

Question 21

How many heads does biceps femoris have?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Hamstrings

Answer 22

long and short head of biceps femoris
semitendinous
semimembranosus

Question 23

action of hamstrings on knee and hip

Answer 23

hip - extend

knee - flex

Question 24

Which nerve innervates posterior thigh muscles?

Answer 24

sciatic

Question 25

Knee joint type

Answer 25

compound hinge

Question 26

Movements at knee joint

Answer 26

flexion and extension

small active and passive rotation

Question 27

Articular surfaces of knee

Answer 27

medial and lateral condyles of femur
tibia
posterior surface of patella

Question 28

Most important muscle to stabilise knee joint

Answer 28

quadriceps femoris

Question 29

Ligaments of knee are thickening of what?

Answer 29

joint capsule

Question 30

Lateral collateral ligament attachments

Answer 30

lateral epicondyle of femur

fibula head

Question 31

What muscle separates LCL and lateral meniscus?

Answer 31

popliteal muscle

Question 32

Medial collateral ligament attachments

Answer 32

medial epicondyle of femur

medial surface of tibia

Question 33

Is MCL attached to medial meniscus?

Answer 33

yes - at its midpoint

Question 34

MCL and medial meniscus attachment importance

Answer 34

damage to MCL can tear medial meniscus

Question 35

2 things the ACL prevents

Answer 35

femur slipping posteriorly on tibia

hyperextension of knee

Question 36

Why is ACL prone to injury and poor to repair?

Answer 36

poor blood supply

Question 37

PCL -things it prevents

Answer 37

femur sliding anteriorly on tibia

Question 38

Main functions of menisci

Answer 38

deepen surface and shock absorption

Question 39

“unhappy triad”

Answer 39

most injuries are lateral direction
load on MCL which is attaches to medial meniscus
both tear
puts load on ACL which tears

Question 40

Prepatellar bursitis

Answer 40

housemaids knee

Question 41

Which bursa communicates with articular cavity of knee?

Answer 41

suprapatellar