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MET > Upper Level Winds and Jet Stream > Flashcards

Upper Level Winds and Jet Stream Flashcards

1
Q

Define Jet Stream

A

A jet stream is a relatively narrow, rapidly flowing, ribbon-like stream of air embedded in main air flow.

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2
Q

How long, thick and wide is a jet stream?

A

Thousands of miles long, a few thousand feet thick and a few hundred feet wide.

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3
Q

How fast must a jet stream be?

A

At least 60 kts.

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4
Q

How do jet streams develop?

A

When there is a strong horizontal temperature gradient through a deep layer of the atmosphere.

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5
Q

________ temperature differences cause wind speeds to increase with height.

A

Horizontal

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6
Q

True of False: The stronger the horizontal temperature difference, the greater the increase in wind speed aloft.

A

True

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7
Q

Isotherms run approximately is what direction?

A

West to East

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8
Q

Do upper level winds blow parallel or perpendicular to isotherms?

A

Parallel

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9
Q

_____ is more dense than _____ air.

A

Cold / Warm

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10
Q

Does pressure increase or decrease more rapidly with height in cold air?

A

Decreases more rapidly.

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11
Q

The _____ the horizontal temperature gradients, the greater the increase of wind speed with height.

A

Stronger

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12
Q

Consider a pressure surface between warm and cold air. Towards which does the surface slope?

A

Cold surface

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13
Q

Horizontal temperature causes a large slope in upper pressure surfaces. Does this result in a strong or weak PFG?

A

Really strong.

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14
Q

Wind becomes parallel and much stronger North or South or the front?

A

North

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15
Q

Which of the following jets is the highest, lowest and in-between in altitude Maritime, Arctic and Polar jet?

A

Highest: Polar
In-between: Maritime
Lowest: Arctic

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16
Q

True or false?

Jets will never merge into 2 or even 1 wider jet.

A

False

17
Q

Define Jet Axis

A

Strongest winds at a particular level. Ex. 250hPa

18
Q

Jet Core

A

The jet axis where the wind speed is maximum.

19
Q

Jet Maximum

A

A point along the axis where the wind speed is at a maximum.

20
Q

Which side along a surface front does a jet stream exist?

A

Poleward side

21
Q

True or False?

The jet stream is in the colder air mass.

A

False, it is in the warm air mass.

22
Q

True or False?

Jet streams are positioned above the tropopause.

A

False, they exist below it.

23
Q

Jet streams are associated with which type of cloud?

A

Cirrus

24
Q

Which edge, either cold or warm, is the jet stream near in a cirrus cloud deck?

A

Cold edge

25
Q

Which side of the jet is the cirrus cloud deck on, warm or cold?

A

Warm

26
Q

Does the wind increase or decrease away from the jet?

A

Decreases

27
Q

True or False?

Horizontal wind shears are stronger than vertical around the jet.

A

False

28
Q

Is there a difference in HWS on the cold and warm side of the jet? if so, which one is stronger and by how much.

A

Yes, the cold air side is 3X stronger.

29
Q

In winter, temperature contrasts between air masses is stronger or weaker?

A

Stronger

30
Q

The tilt of the North Pole away from the sun in winter does what to the following regarding jets:

Latitude
Height
Wind Speed
No. of Jets

A

Moves further south
Lowers
Stronger
3 instead of 2

31
Q

Are thermal winds stronger in winter or summer?

A

Winter

32
Q

What are the two types of Non-Frontal jet streams?

A

Arctic Stratospheric & Subtropical

33
Q

Solar heating at the equator causes which non-frontal jet stream?

A

Subtropical

34
Q

True or False?

Both non-frontal jet streams are westerly

A

True

35
Q

Which non-frontal jet stream is higher?

A

Arctic Jet Stream

MET (23 decks)

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