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MET > Radar & Satellite > Flashcards

Radar & Satellite Flashcards

1
Q

What precipitation particles will reflect more radar energy?

A

More or larger precipitation particles

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2
Q

What’s more reflective, water droplets or snow?

A

Water droplets

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3
Q

True or False?

Precipitation intensity is related to the strength of the reflected radar beam.

A

True

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4
Q

What is the difference between National Composite Radar and Western Composite Radar Display?

A

Western shows a region in greater detail, more zoomed in.

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5
Q

What does a “Echo Top Product” provide?

A

It provides an estimate of the maximum height of clouds where precipitation occurs.

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6
Q

When are errors more likely regarding the echo top?

A

As we move away from the radar.

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7
Q

What do satellite images measure?

A

The sunlight reflected by clouds and surface of the earth.

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8
Q

What is “albedo”?

A

The percent of sunlight reflected by some feature in the atmosphere.

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9
Q

Which clouds have a higher albedo, thick or thin?

A

Thick clouds

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10
Q

Infrared measures what regarding clouds and the surface of the Earth?

A

Temperature

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11
Q

A high cloud is _____ than a low cloud.

A

Colder, temperature is inversely proportional to height in atmosphere.

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12
Q

Gray, blue and red colours indicate what cloud temperatures? Which one is more likely to produce rain?

A

Gray: relatively warm
Blue: cooler
Red: coldest clouds, more likely to produce rain.

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13
Q

What are the best reflectors regarding precipitation?

A

Hail> Rain> Snow> Drizzle

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14
Q

How do Plan Position Indicator (PPI) and Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI) differ?

A

PPI: Radar beams assess precipitation at several altitudes

CAPPI: Assesses precipitation at one altitude.

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15
Q

What is Anomalous Propagation?

A

False returns due to terrain

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16
Q

What type of radar is used for radar avoidance?

A

A/C radar

17
Q

If heavier precipitation is detected, turbulence is greatest except when?

A

A dry microburst and evaporative cooling

18
Q

Which type of satellite can work day and night, which one only works during the day?

A

Infrared works day n night, visual only during the day

19
Q

How does GEOS satellite remain stationary to earth?

A

Orbits the earth at the same rate the earth spins

20
Q

How does a GEOS satellite scan the earth?

A

Bi-directionally (think mowing your grass, E->W, move down, W->E.

21
Q

Where is the Sub point for a GEOS satellite?

A

The spot on the equator, directly beneath the satellite.

22
Q

How does a Polar Orbiting Satellite orbit the earth?

A

It passes over either pole

23
Q

What is the altitude of a POES satellite?

A

850 KM

24
Q

What is the scan path of a POES satellite?

A

E/W, motion of satellite takes care of N/S

25
Q

A large area and uniform temperature is which type of cloud?

A

Stratiform

26
Q

A small cloud with a sharp temperature gradient is which type of cloud?

A

Convective

27
Q

True or False?

Snow and CB have the highest albedo.

A

True

28
Q

What is solar elevation and what does it express regarding a higher sun?

A

Solar elevation: angle between sun and satellite. A higher sun means brighter surfaces.

29
Q

Wave clouds and mountain waves are similar, how are they different?

A

Mountain waves occur in lee of mountain, spacing is more uniform, they are parallel to mountain range and they are stationary.

30
Q

On both IR and visual, whiter terrain indicates what?

A

Higher terrain tops

31
Q

How do TS’s appear on imagery?

A

White cells

32
Q

Ice crystals are ____ reflective than water droplets.

A

More

33
Q

Thinner clouds are _____ reflective than thicker clouds

A

Less

34
Q

Thick stratiform clouds appear as what on imagery?

A

Bright and uniform

35
Q

Small diameter and bright tops describe what types of cloud?

A

TCU or CB

36
Q

Small, cellular and dull describe what type of cloud?

A

CU

37
Q

True of False?

In order to determine cloud and surface feature analysis both IF and VIS must be looked at.

A

True

MET (23 decks)

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