upper leg muscles Flashcards
1
Q
what are the borders of the femoral triangle?
A
Superior: Inguinal ligament
Lateral: Sartorius
Medial: Adductor longus
Apex: Lateral border of sartorius across medial
border of adductor longus
Floor: Ilioposoas (lat) + pectineus (med)
Roof : Fascia lata + cribriform facia, subcutaneous tissue + skin
2
Q
2 compartments of the femoral triangle ______
which is divided by the:
A
Lacuna
iliopectineal arch
3
Q
Lateral lacuna:
A
Muscular lacuna
- Iliopsoas
- Femoral nerve
4
Q
Medial lacuna:
A
Vascular lacuna
- Arteries and veins
- Lymphatics
5
Q
content of the femoral triangle
A
- Femoral nerve and branches
- Femoral sheath
6
Q
femoral triangle is divided into:
A
Lateral compartment:
Femoral artery
Intermediate compartment:
Femoral vein
Medial compartment: femoral canal (smallest)
7
Q
femoral canal function
A
- Allows femoral vein to expand during increased venous return
- or increased intra-abdominal pressure
8
Q
Adductor canal:
A
Intermuscular passage for:
- Femoral a/v
- saphenous nerve
- nerve to vastus medius
9
Q
Anterior compartment contains:
A
- Anterior thigh muscles
- Flexors of the hip
- Extensors of the knee
10
Q
Atrophy of muscles
A
Rapidly with disease
11
Q
Which anterior muscles does the femoral nerve supply?
A
Pectineus
Iliacus
Sartorius
12
Q
Which anterior muscles does the anterior rami of the lumbar nerve supply?
A
- Iliopsoas
- Psoas minor
13
Q
A
Pectineus muscle
14
Q
Nerve supply of pectineus muscle
A
Femoral nerve
15
Q
Pectineus proximal attachment
A
Superior ramus of pubis
16
Q
Pectineus distal attachment
A
Pectineul line (femur)
17
Q
Pectineus actions
A
adducts + flexes thigh
Medially rotates thigh
18
Q
A
Sartorius muscles
[Tailors muscle]
-Longest muscle
19
Q
Sartorius nerve supply
A
Femoral nerve
20
Q
Sartorius proximal attachment
A
- Anterior, superior iliac spine
- superior part of notch
21
Q
Sartorius distal attachment
A
Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
22
Q
Sartorius actions:
A
- Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
- flexes leg at knee
- works with other muscles
23
Q
A
Iliopsoas muscle
24
Q
The iliopsoas muscle consists of:
A
-Psoas major, minor
(anterior rami of lumbar nerve)
-Iliacus (femoral nerve)
[Attached to the vert. column, pelvis, femur]
25
iliopsoas proximal attachment
- T12-L5
- Transverse processes of lumbar vert.
- Iliac crest
- Iliac fossa
- Anterior sacroiliac ligaments
26
Iliopsoas distal attachment:
- lesser trochanter of femur
- Pectineal line
- iliopectineal eminence
- Tendon psoas major
27
iliopsoas actions
- (main) flexing thigh at hip
- Stabilising
- most powerful muscles
28
Quadriceps femoris consists of:
1. Rectus femoris
2 Vastus lateralis
3. vastus intermedius
4. vastus medialis
[femoral nerve]
-have the same distal attachment and actions
29
Quadriceps femoris characteristics
- Most powerful muscles
- 3x stronger than hamstrings
- Work over two joints
- Action on hip and knee
- Tendons of muscles unite as the
quadriceps tendon
- Patellar ligament continuation of
this tendon
- Medial + lateral vastus also attach to
patella = form aponeuroses (medial
and lateral patellar retinacula)-
reinforce the joint capsule + keep
patella aligned
30
```
rectus femoris
(runs straight down the thigh)
```
31
recuts femoris proximal attachment
- Anterior inferior iliac spine
| - Ilium, superior to the acetabulum
32
Quadriceps femoris distal attachment
- Quadriceps tendon
- independent attachment to the patella
- aponeuroses
33
Quadriceps femoris actions
- extend knee joint
- flex thigh
steadies hip joint
34
vastus lateralis
35
Vastus lateralis proximal attachment
- greater trochanter of femur
| - lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
36
vastus medialis
37
Vastus medialis proximal attachment
- intertrochanteric line
| - medial lip of linea aspera of femur
38
vastus intermedius
39
vastus intermedius proximal attachment
- anterior and lateral surfaces of femur shaft
40
Medial thigh muscles, also called the ________
| and consist of:
adductor canal
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Gracilis
- Obturator externus
41
what is the function of the adductor canal?
Movement of certain structures from anterior to posterior in the leg
42
what happens if there is variation in the line of gravity?
Variation of this can lead to injury
43
What medial thigh muscles does the obturator nerve supply?
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- obturator externus
- gracilis
44
adductor longus
45
adductor longus proximal attachment
body of the pubis
| -inferior to the pubic crest
46
adductor longus distal attachment
middle 1/3 of proximal part of linea aspera
47
adductor longus action
adducts thigh
48
adductor brevis
49
adductor brevis proximal attachment
body and inferior ramus of pubis
50
adductor brevis distal attachment
pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
51
adductor brevis action
adducts thigh
52
obturator externus
53
obturator externus proximal attachment
- margins of obturator foramen
| - obturator membrane
54
obturator externus distal attachment
-trochanteric fossa
55
obturator externus actions
- Laterally rotates thigh
| - steadies femur head in acetabulum
56
gracilis
57
Gracilis proximal attachment
body and inferior ramus of pubis
58
gracilis distal attachment
superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
59
gracilis actions
- adducts thigh
- flexes leg
- helps medially rotate
60
adductor magnus
61
adductor magnus nerve supply
Adductor part: obturator nerve
| hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve
62
Proximal attachment of the adductor magnus
adductor part:
- Ramus of the pubis and ischium
hamstring part:
Ischial tuberosity
63
adductor magnus distal attachment
adductor part:
- gluteal tuberosity
- linea aspera
- medial supracondylar line
hamstring part:
- adductor tubercle of femur
64
adductor magnus actions
- Flexes, adducts and extends thigh
65
Posterior thigh muscles:
3- hamstings:
> Semitendinosus
> Semimembranosus
> Biceps femoris
66
Semitendinoses
67
Semitendinosus and semimembranosus share what?
- same nerve supply
- same action
- same proximal attachment
68
Semitendinosus proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
69
Semitendinosus nerve supply
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
70
Semitendinosus distal attachment
medial surface of superior part of tibia
71
Semitendinosus action
Extend thigh,flex leg,rotate leg medially
72
Semimembranosus
73
Semimembranosus proximal attachment
Ischial tuberosity
74
Semimembranosus distal attachment
Posterior part of medial condyl of tibia
| Some attachments form oblque popliteal ligament
75
Semimembranosus action
Extend thigh,flex leg,rotate leg medially
76
Semimembranosus Tendon divides into
- Attachment to post aspect of medial tibial
condyle
- Blends with popliteal fascia
- Part reinforces intercondylar part of joint
capsule as the oblique popliteal ligament
77
Nerve supply of Biceps femoris
Long head of biceps femoris
> Tibial div of sciatic n
Short head of biceps femoris
> Common fibular div of sciatic n
78
Biceps femoris
79
Biceps femoris proximal attachment
```
Long head
> Ischial tuberosity
Short head
> Linea aspera,lateral supracondylar line of
femur
```
80
Biceps femoris distal attachment
- Lateral side of head of fibula
| - Tendon split by the fibular collateral ligament knee
81
Biceps femoris action
Flexes knee,rotates knee laterally,extends thigh
82
Common tendon of insertion of
1. gracilis
2. sartorius
3. semitendinosus
pes anserinus
83
Tensor fascia latae proximal attachment
Anterior iliac crest
| Surface of ilium below the crest
84
Tensor fascia latae distal attachment
¼ down the thigh on iliotibial tract onto anterolateral tibial condyle
85
Tensor fascia latae action
Abduct hip,flex hip
86
Tensor fascia latae
87
Tensor fascia latae connected via the _______ to the lower leg
iliotibial tract
88
iliotibial tract
89
Veins from posterior hip joint
Great saphenous v
| Femoral v
90
91
fascia lata
The fascia that are found just under the skin.
The fascia of the leg is one “sock” around the leg from superior to inferior
