Upper GI Tract Part 2 [Complete] Flashcards
What investigations are usually performed to determine if someone has GORD and to rule out other potential causes for symptoms?
OGD: To exclude cancer, oesophagitis, peptic stricture & Barretts oesophagus
Oesophageal manometry
24-hr Oesophageal pH recording
What are the treatment options for someone with GORD?
Lifestyle changes: Weight loss, smoking, alocohol
PPIs (Proton pump inhibitors)
What are some of the surgical treatments for a person with GORD?
Dilatation peptic strictures
Laparoscopic Nissen’s fundoplication
What are the 3 main functions of the stomach?
Breaks food into smaller particles (acid & pepsin)
Holds food, releasing it in controlled steady rate into duodenum
Kills parasites & certain bacteria
State what different regions of the stomach secrete.
Cardia & Pyloric Region: Mucus only
Body & Fundus: Mucus, HCl, pepsinogen
Antrum: Gastrin
What does the cardia and pyloric regions of the stomach produce?
Mucus
What does the body and fundus of the stomach produce?
Mucus
HCL
Pepsinogen
What does the antrum of the stomach produce?
Gastrin
How much stomach acid is produced each day and how does the concentration compare to that of blood?
2L/day
150mM H+ (3 mill x that in blood)
What are mucins?
A glycoprotein gel coating which protects the gastrointestinal tract from acids, trauma, microorganisms and digestive enzymes.
HCO3- trapped in mucus gel to neutralise H+
How does the pH on the epithelial surface compare to the pH of the lumen of the stomach?
Epithelial surface = 6-7 (most likely due to mucins)
Lumen = 1-2
Inflammation in the lining of the stomach is known as?
Gastritis
Name the 4 main types of gastritis
Erosive & haemorrhagic gastritis
Nonerosive, chronic active gastritis
Atrophic gastritis (Fundal gland gastritis)
Reactive gastritis
Define gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach lining
Erossive, haemorhhagic gastritis has numerous causes. What is the most common cause?
Acute ulcer (Characterised by gastric bleeding and perforation)
What is the main cause of non-erossive, chronic active gastritis?
Helicobacter pylori
Non-erossive, chronic active gastritis occurs mostly in which region of the stomach?
Antrum
What is the treatment for non-erosive chronic gastritis caused by helicobacter pylori?
Give them tripple antibiotics for 7-14 days
amoxicillin
clarithromycin
pantoprazole