Upper GI tract*

Question 1

Define the process of digestion

Answer 1

process of breaking down macromolecules to allow absorption

Question 2

Define the process of absorption

Answer 2

process of moving nutrients & water across a membrane

Question 3

What is the acronym for GI

Answer 3

Dear John Its Lunchtime

Question 4

Other GI acronym (watch recording)

Question 5

What are the 4 layers of the gut wall innermost to outermost?

Answer 5

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

Question 6

What is in the mucosa layer?

Answer 6

epithelium
lamina propria (loose connective tissue) muscularis mucosae

Question 7

What is in the submucosa layer?

Answer 7

connective tissue (containing nerve plexus (Meissner’s plexus)

Question 8

What is in the muscularis layer?

Answer 8

smooth muscle(containing nerve plexus)

Question 9

What is in the serosa layer?

Answer 9

connective tissue +/- epithelium

Question 10

What is the largest jaw muscle?

Answer 10

Masseter muscle

Question 11

What is the masseter muscle responsible for?

Answer 11

Biting

Question 12

What two enzymes do salivary glands produce?

Answer 12

Lingual lipase
Salivary amylase

Question 13

What two types of muscles are in the tongue?

Answer 13

Intrinsic muscles
Extrinsic muscles

Question 14

What type of movement are intrinsic muscles responsible for?

Answer 14

Fine motor control and moving food

Question 15

What type of movement are extrinsic muscles responsible for?

Answer 15

Gross movement of tongue and assisting mechanical digestion

Question 16

Describe the epithelium of the oesophagus

Answer 16

Non-keratinising cells to withstand acid reflux
‘Wear and tear’ lining to withstand extremes in temp and texture
Mucus secreting glands for lubrication

Question 17

The oesophagus is tonically active, what does this mean

Question 18

Oesophageal sphincters

Question 19

peristalsis