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BRS > Intro to derm > Flashcards

Intro to derm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis

Basement membrane (dermal-epidermal junction)

Dermis

Subcutaneous fat

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2
Q

What is the epidermis composed of ?

A

Keratinocytes

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3
Q

What are the layers of keratinocytes?

A

Progressive differentiation / flattening towards surface:
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum (palms and soles only, no nuclei or organelles)- skin thicker on palms and soles.
Stratum corneum (no nuclei or organelles)

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4
Q

How long does cellular progression in epidermis from basal layer towards surface take?

A

30 days, but accelerated in certain skin diseases

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5
Q

What type of cell are melanocytes?

A

Dendritic

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6
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Distribute melanin pigments (in melanosomes) to keratinocytes

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7
Q

What type of cells are Langerhans cells?

A

Dendritic APCs

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8
Q

What type of receptors do Merkel cells have?

A

Mechanosensory receptors

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9
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis? (top to bottom)

A

Papillary dermis

Reticular dermis

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10
Q

What makes up 80-85% of the dermis?

A

Collagen, mainly types 1 and 3

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11
Q

What makes up 2-4% of the dermis?

A

Elastic fibres- fibrillin and elastin

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12
Q

What glycoproteins are in the dermis?

A

fibronectin, fibulin, intregrins

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13
Q

What do glycoproteins in the dermis do?

A

facilitate cell adhesion and cell motility

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14
Q

Where is ground substance located?

A

between dermal collagen and elastic tissue

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15
Q

What is ground substance made of?

A

glycosaminoglycan

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16
Q

What are the primary cells within the dermis?

A

Fibroblasts

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17
Q

Does blood supply cross into the epidermis?

A

No

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of corpuscles?

A

Meissner’s, Ruffini, and Pacinian

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19
Q

Where are Meissner’s corpuscles most concentrated?

A

thick hairless skin, (finger pads and lips)

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20
Q

What sort of touch are Meissner’s corpuscles most sensitive to?

A

Light Touch (+slow vibration)

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21
Q

Where are Ruffini corpuscles most concentrated?

A

around fingernails

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22
Q

What are Ruffini corpuscles sensitive to?

A

skin stretch

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23
Q

What do Ruffini corpuscles monitior?

A

Slippage of objects

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24
Q

Where are Pacinian corpuscles most concentrated?

A

Dermal papillae of hands and feet

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25
Q

What are Pacinian corpuscles sensitive to?

A

Deep pressure and vibration (deep touch)

26
Q

What do Pacinian corpuscles detect?

A

Surface texture

27
Q

What do Merkel cells detect?

A

Light touch

28
Q

Are dermal and epidermal receptors encapsulated or unencapsulated?

A

Dermal nerve receptors (Meissner’s / Ruffini / Pancinian corpuscles) are encapsulated while epidermal (Merkel cell) receptors are not

29
Q

What are the 6 functions of skin?

A

Physical barrier
Immunological barrier
Thermoregulation
Sensation
Metabolism
Aesthetic appearance

30
Q

What cells carry out immune surveillance in the dermis?

A

Tissue‐resident T-cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells

31
Q

How are cornified cell envelope and stratum corneum important in the role of skin as a physical barrier?

A

restrict water and protein loss from skin

32
Q

How is subcutaneous fat important in the role of skin as a physical barrier?

A

important role in cushioning trauma

33
Q

How are melanocytes important in the role of skin as a physical barrier?

A

protection against UV-induced DNA damage

34
Q

How does the skin regulate body temperature (thermoregulation)?

A

Vasodilatation or vasoconstriction in deep or superficial vascular plexuses
→ regulate heat loss

Eccrine sweat glands
→ cooling effect

35
Q

What are the 6 functions of hair?

A

Protection against external factors
Sebum
Apocrine sweat
Thermoregulation
Social and sexual interaction
Epithelial and melanocyte stem cells

36
Q

What are the 2 types of hairs?

A

Terminal and vellus

37
Q

Where are terminal hairs located?

A

scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes

38
Q

Where are vellus hairs located?

A

Rest of body (except palms, soles, mucosal regions of lips, and external genitalia)

39
Q

What ae the 3 stages of the hair cycle?

A

Anagen (where new hair forms and grows), catagen (regressing phase), telogen (resting phase)

40
Q

What % of hair is in anagen?

A

85%

41
Q

What % of hair is in catagen?

A

1%

42
Q

What % of hair is in telogen?

A

15%

43
Q

How long does anagen last?

A

2-6 years

44
Q

How long does catagen last?

A

3 weeks

45
Q

How long does telogen last?

A

3 months

46
Q

What happens after the 3 phases of the hair cycle?

A

Old hair falls out

47
Q

What 3 things are contained in a pilosebaceous unit?

A

hair shaft, hair follicle, sebaceous gland

48
Q

What is the Infundibulum?

A

Uppermost portion of the hair follicle extending from opening of sebaceous gland to surface of the skin

49
Q

What is the Isthmus?

A

Lower portion of upper part of hair follicle between opening of sebaceous gland and insertion of arrector pili muscle

50
Q

Where are eccrine sweat glands located?

A

Almost everywhere

51
Q

Where do eccrine sweat glands open to?

A

directly onto the skin’s surface

52
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands located?

A

in areas with many hair follicles such as the scalp, armpits, groin

53
Q

Where do apocrine sweat glands open into?

A

open into the hair follicle

54
Q

Where does the nail plate emerge from?

A

proximal nail fold

55
Q

How much do nails grow a month?

A

1-3mm

56
Q

Where does the nail plate detach?

A

hyponychium

57
Q

What does the nail matrix produce?

A

the nail plate

58
Q

Where does the nail matrix lie?

A

Lies under proximal nail fold, above bone of distal phalanx (to which it is connected by a tendon

59
Q

What is the visible part of the nail matrix called?

A

Lunula

60
Q

What are the 5 functions of the nails?

A

Protection of distal phalanx
Counterpressure effect to pulp - important for walking and tactile sensation
Increase dexterity / manipulation of small objects
Enhance sensory discrimination
Scratching or grooming

61
Q
A

BRS (16 decks)

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