Upper GI Micro - Zimmerman Flashcards
Risk factor for developing caries:
high sugar diet, poor oral hygiene, reduced saliva, smoking, peridontal disease
Name for the infectious disease that destroys the supporting structure of teeth?
Peridontal disease
Gum involvement = gingivitis
Tissue/bone involvment = peridontitis
Peridontitis is associated with what other health problems?
Heart attack, stroke, lung disease, premature birth or low birth weights in women
Diabetes increases risk of peridontitis
In caries and peridontitis, what is the underlying way that the microorganism causes disease?
Caries - it is the growth and spread of microbes themselves that is causing the disease
Peridontitis - it is the host’s own reaction to the microbe that is causing the disease
Most basic definition of a biofilm?
2+ species of bacteria encolsed in a glycocalyx
IF not all plaque is pathological, why yould you still want to remove it once in a while?
Plaque is a biofilm, it’s possible that microbial homeostasis to exist. The problem is that a change in that balance could occur because of many factors. This pathological shift could then lead to caries or peridontitis.
What is important to know about the Streptococcus Mitis group of bacteria in reference to the mouth?
They may play important roles in preventing dental disease.
Could occur by producing hydrogen peroxide to inhibit growth of oral bacteria
Microbes that cause caries:
Found where? Gram + or - ?
Microbes that cause peridontal disease:
Found where? Gram + or - ?
Caries:
- located in plaques on tooth surface or in crevices between teeth
- Gram +
Peridontal:
- Located below gumline in subgingival space
- Gram -
What kinds of bacteria are you likely going to find in a dental carie?
Gram stain?
Hemolysis?
Special tests?
Strep. Mutans(viridans)
Gram +
Alpha hemolysis
Optochin Resistant!
What kinds of virulence factors does strep mutans use in causing caries?
Adhesin-like surface-associated proteins (AgI/II): bind to receptors in the pellicle called glucans.
The pellicle is a layer of glycoproteins that covers the enamel of the tooth, it’s basically always there and comes back immediately after removal. Glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are made by S. mutans and excreted, become part of the pellicle and pump out tons of glucans for easier binding.
What is a keystone bacteria in reference to peridontal disease?
List a few examples:
The presence of certain low-abundance microbes that can quickly turn a symbiotic microbiome into a pathogenic state.
Treponema Denticola
**Porphyromonas Gingivalis
Agrigatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans
4 ways to prevent dental caries and peridontal disease:
Less sugar in diet
Brush and floss frequently
Fluoride
Increased saliva flow (sugar free gum)
In cases of persistent peridontitis, what oral medicine could you prescribe?
Amoxicillin and metronidazole
A homeless man prevents with breathing difficulty and drooling. He has fever, neck swelling, and a large red reash on his neck. When you look in his mouth you see he has a lot of untreated dental problems. What are you thinking?
Ludwig’s angina
Walk me through how you would treat candidiasis starting with easiest case and moving toward the worst case scenario:
Common case: topical tx of clotrimazole and nystatin suspension (swish and swallow
Unresponsive: Systemic fluconazole
Worse case: IV amphotericin B
