Overview and GI function Physiology - Prunuske Flashcards
Scientific term for stomach rumbles?
Borborygmi
What do you call the food in your stomach once it has been squeezed into the duodenum?
chyme
What is sitophobia?
Fear of eating
Diverticulosis caused by:
Low fiber diet
What protects the protein core of mucin from being broken down by proteases?
Glycosylation protects them
Vitamine b12 (cobalamine is absorbed in what protion fo the small intestine?
The ileum
What does the liver secrete in order to facilitate lipid absorption?
bile salts
A patient with a recent bowel resection of the ileum is concerned about some very foul-smelling and oily bowel movements recently.
What is the condition?
What is causing it?
Steatorrhea (or fatty stools)
You need bile salts in order to emulsify lipids from the diet. It turns out 95% of bile salts are recycled when the are reabsorbed in the ileum. If this patient is missing ileum then they are going to be running out of bile salts fast. Hence that fatty stools
A patient of your with known hyper coagulability from cancer effects has presented at the urgent care with lower abdominal pain after eating, bloody diarrhea, and has lacked desire to eat anything the last 2 days.
Could be: Mesenteric ischemia
- possibly caused by thrombi in the mesenteric veins
- areas of the small intestine become necrotic without oxygen, causing these symptoms
What causes osmotic diarrhea?
Microbial overgrowth in bowel leads to increased production of organic acids, pulling water from the blood into the gut lumen
How long does food spend in the:
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
stomach: 4-5 hrs
small intestine: 2.5-3 hrs
large intestine: 30-40 hrs
How does pressure on the distal and proximal ends of a gut sphincter affect relaxation and contration?
Sphincter
proximal pressure = relaxation
distal pressure = contraction
This makes sense if you want them to be a one way valve!
What will releasing a lot of extra calcium will do to the muscle contraction in the intestine?
Amplitude will increase, but frequency will stay the same!
What does the hormone motilin control?
The migrating motor complex!
Relaxes sphincters and contracts stomach and small intestine in fasting
Moves everything through quick. (responsible for those stomach rumbles we get)
efferent motorneurons are located in the myenteric plexus
Excitatory fibers release:
Inhibitory fibers release:
Excitatory: ACh, Neurokinin A, Substance P
Inhibitory: VIP and NO