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Radiology procedure > Upper Gastrointestinal System: > Flashcards

Upper Gastrointestinal System: Flashcards

1
Q

Positioning for upper GI

A 
RAO
PA
RIGHT LATERAL 
LPO
AP
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2
Q

Describe what is visualized for RAO for upper GI series

A

To visualize polyps and ulcers of the pylorus, duodenal bulb, and the c-loop of the duodenum

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3
Q

Retrogastric space? Where is that

A

Space behind the stomach

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4
Q

RAO: which part of the stomach is barium filled and air filled

A

fundus (air filled)
Pylorus (barium filled)
Duodenal bulb (barium filled)

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5
Q

What clinical indication is visualized on a PA projection of upper GI series

A

Polyps, diverticula, bezoar psych and signs of gastric in the body and the pylorus of the stomach

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6
Q

What are the accessory organs of the GI system?

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Salivary glands

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7
Q

Ratio of thin barium.

A

1 part barium and one part water.

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8
Q

Ratio of thick barium.

A

3 or 4 parts barium to 1 part water.

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9
Q

Which lobe of the liver is the larger lobe?

A

Right lobe of the liver

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10
Q

The liver is held in place by what?

A

Falciform ligament

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11
Q

Main function of the liver?

A

Production of bile

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12
Q

Function of bile

A

Aides in the digestion of fats by emulsifying fat globules and the absorption of fat following its digestion.

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13
Q

Extra hepatic duct belongs to which organ

A

Liver

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14
Q

Cystic duct belongs to which organ

A

Gallbladder

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15
Q

Bile route

A

Lt. and rt. Hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, then temporarily stored in gallbladder via the cystic duct OR secreted directly to duodenum via the common bile duct. From there it joins w/pancreatic duct at the hepatopancreatic sphincter before emptying into the duodenum via the duodenal papilla.

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16
Q

Another name for the pancreatic duct

A

Duct of Wirsung

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17
Q

Another name for hepatopancreatic sphincter

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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18
Q

Three parts of the gallbladder

A

Fundus, body, neck

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19
Q

The most distal end and broadest part of the gallbladder

A

Fundus part of the gallbladder

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20
Q

What’s the difference b/w the cystic duct to all the other ducts

A

It contains SPIRAL VALVE, membranous folds, that functions to prevent distention or collapse of the cystic duct.

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21
Q

How much bile can a normal gallbladder typically holds

A

30-40 mL of bile.

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22
Q

Three primary functions of the gallbladder

A

To store bile
To concentrate bile
To contract when stimulated

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23
Q

When does the gallbladder contract

A

When fatty foods and fatty acids are in the duodenum, theses foods stimulate the duodenal mucosa to secrete the hormone CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK) and as CCK increases in blood, the gallbladder contracts

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24
Q

What is Chloelithiasis

A

Stones in gallbladder

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25
Q

What is cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of gallbladder

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26
Q

Another name for the digestive system proper

A

Alimentary canal

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27
Q

Where does the alimentary canal begins and its route through the body

A

Begins at the oral cavity (mouth) and continues as the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and small intestine. Ends at the large intestines which terminates at the anus.

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28
Q

Three function of the digestive system

A

Intake/digestion of food
Absorption of food particles, water, vitamins, etc
Eliminate waste products

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29
Q

Esophagogram aka BA Swallow is done to evaluate what

A

This studies the form and function of the swallowing aspect of the pharynx and esophagus

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30
Q

Upper GI series is done to evaluate what

A

To study the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

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31
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx (behind nose)
Oropharynx (behind mouth)
Laryngopharynx (above larynx but below oro)

32
Q

What is the first part of digestion

A

Mastication (chewing)

33
Q

What is the termed for swallowing

A

Deglutition

34
Q

What are the three saliva secretion glands and where are they located

A

Parotid (near ear)
Submandibular (below mandible)
Sublingual (below tongue)

35
Q

What happens to the epiglottis during degutition

A

The epiglottis is depressed to cover the laryngeal opening. The closing of the epiglottis prevents food and fluids from being aspirated into the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

36
Q

Where does the esophagus start and stop

A

From C5/C6 to T-11 roughly.

37
Q

What are the two indentations of the esophagus

A
  1. Aortic arch

2. Left primary bronchus

38
Q

Another term for the abdominal segment of the esophagus

A

Cardiac Antrum

39
Q

What are the three things that passes through the diaphragm

A

Esophagus (cardiac Antrum)
Aorta
Inferior vena cava

40
Q

The opening between the esophagus and the stomach is termed?

A

Esophagastric junction aka cardiac orifice

41
Q

What is the termed for a wavelike series of involuntary muscular contractions that propel solid and semisolid materials through the tubular alimentary canal?

A

Peristalsis

42
Q

Where is the stomach located

A

Between the esophagus and small intestine

43
Q

What does the stomach serves as

A

As a reservoir for swallowed food and fluid

44
Q

Another name for cardiac notch

A

Incisura cardiaca

45
Q

Another name for angular notch

A

Incisura angularis

46
Q

Mucosal folds within the stomach is termed

A

Rugae

47
Q

What does the Rugae do within the stomach

A

Assist in mechanical digestion of food within the stomach

48
Q

What is the function of the gastric canal within the stomach

A

It funnels fluids directly from the body of the stomach to the pylorus.

49
Q

Location of the fundus in the body

A

Posterior of the body of the stomach

50
Q

In supine position how is the barium orientated

A

Barium in the fundus

Air in the body and pulorus

51
Q

RAO position how is the barium orientated

A

Air in fundus

Barium in body and pylorus

52
Q

Prone position how is the barium orientated

A

Air in fundus

Barium in body and pylorus

53
Q

The four parts of the duodenum

A
  1. Duodenal bulb
  2. Descending duodenum
  3. Transverse/horizontal duodenum
  4. Ascending duodenum
54
Q

What’s the connection point between the duodenum and the jejunum

A

Duodenojejunal flex urge

55
Q

What’s the ligament that holds the duodenum in placed termed

A

Ligament of Treitz

56
Q

What are two ways of getting contents from the mouth to the stomach.

A

Peristalsis and gravity

57
Q

Why would gastrografin be used sometimes instead of barium sulfate for a fluoroscopic procedure

A

If there is a definite known obstruction or/and for post-op because if there is, the barium will escape into the peritoneal cavity and cause intestinal infarcts or peritonitis

58
Q

What is double contrast

A

Barium and air or CO2 gas

59
Q

What is termed positive contrast

A

Barium or radiopaque

60
Q

What is termed negative contrast

A

Air or gas or radiolucent

61
Q

What kind of contrast is gastrografin

A

Water soluble iodinated contrary

62
Q

Where should the technologist NOT be standing during a fluoroscopic procedure

A

NOT at either ends of the table. Instead by patient belly or the middle of the table

63
Q

Instructions for patient for preparation for Upper GI

A

NPO 4-6 hrs prior to procedure

64
Q

Instructions for patients for preparation for BA swallow

A

No specific instructions because the esophagus is always emptying involuntarily.

65
Q

What’s the purpose of the valsalva and mueller maneuver

A

To create intrabdominal pressure to check for reflux. Other testing is the water test and toe touching test.

66
Q

What condition in which a portion of the stomach goes through the diaphragmatic opening

A

Hiatal hernia

67
Q

What is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Most common gastric obstruction in infants that causes an obstruction at the pylorus

68
Q

What are ulcers

A

Erosions of the stomach or duodenal mucosa that are caused by diet, smoking, stress

69
Q

What position places the entire esophagus between the thoracic spine and heart in a BA Swallow

A

Lateral

70
Q

CR for esophagogram aka BA swallow

A

T5/T6 which is 2-3” below jugular notch

71
Q

Breathing instruction for BA swallow

A

Expiration

72
Q

CR difference between sthentic, asthenic, and hyper sthentic patients.

A

Sthentic is at level of L1
Asthenic is 2” below L1
Hyper sthentic is 2” above L1

73
Q

Clinical indication purpose for RAO for upper GI

A

To visualize the C-loop of the duodenum

74
Q

Clinical indication purpose of PA of upper GI

A

Polyps, diverticula, bezoar a and gastritis in the body or pylorus of the stomach

75
Q

Clinical indication purpose for right lateral of upper GI

A

To visualize the retrogastric space (space behind stomach)

76
Q

LPO purpose of upper GI

A

Demonstrates signs of gastritis and ulcers

77
Q

PA PURPOSE for upper GI

A

To check for possible hiatal hernia

Radiology procedure (8 decks)

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