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Upper Extremity & Shoulder Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

PA Digits 2-5

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: lengthwise
-Central Ray: PIP
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire digit from fingertip to distal portion of the adjoining metacarpal
-Note: open IP & MCP joint spaces

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2
Q

Lateral digits 2–5

A

-SID: 40“
-IR orientation: lengthwise
-Central Ray: PIP
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire digit from fingertip to distal portion of the adjoining metacarpal
-Patient Notes: place digit as close to IR as possible

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3
Q

PA oblique digits 2–5

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: PIP
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire digit and adjoining distal metacarpal
-Patient Notes: digit rotated 45°

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4
Q

AP, lateral and oblique first digit

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: MCP joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire digit to the trapezium

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5
Q

Why do we do AP first digit (the Robert method)?

A

Why: the first CMC joint free of superimposition

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6
Q

AP first digit (Burman method)

A

Why: a magnified concavoconvex outline of the first CMC joint

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7
Q

PA hand

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the third MCP joint
-IR size: 10×12
-Key Anatomy: anatomy from fingertips to distal radius and Alma
-Patient Notes: elbow should be bent at 90° angle

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8
Q

PA oblique hand

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: per perpendicular to the third MCP joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire anatomy from fingertips to distal radius and ulna
-Patient Notes: elbow still at 90° angle; hand rotated 45°

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9
Q

Why do we do a regular Lateral hand?

A

To identify foreign object or fracture

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10
Q

Fan lateral hand

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: MCP joints
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: anatomy from fingertips to distal radius and ulna
-why: shows almost all of the individual phalanges

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11
Q

AP oblique hand with medial rotation
(Norgaard method or ball catcher method)

A

Why: shows both hands side-by-side

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12
Q

PA wrist

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the midcarpal area
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: distal radius, ulna, carpals, and proximal half of metacarpals
-Patient Notes: curl fingers under, but not too far

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13
Q

AP wrist

A

Why: the carpal interspaces are better shown, you can see the ulna better

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14
Q

Lateral wrist

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: salon perpendicular to the wrist joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: proximal metacarpals, carpals and distal, radius and ulna
-Patient Notes: there should be superimposition of the distal radius and ulna and metacarpals

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15
Q

PA oblique wrist

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the mid carpal area; just distal to the radius
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: the scaphoid is super imposed on itself
-Patient Notes: 45° rotation

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16
Q

AP oblique wrist with medial rotation

A

Why: this position separates the piss form from adjacent carpal bones

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17
Q

PA wrist with ulnar deviation

A

Why: this position reduces for shortening of the scaphoid

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18
Q

PA axial wrist (Stetcher method)

A

why: the 20° angulation of the wrist places the scaphoid at right angles to the CR so that it is projected with minimal superimposition

19
Q

Tangential carpal canal (Gaynor-Hart method)

A

Why: to see the carpal canal

20
Q

AP forearm

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: per perpendicular to the midpoint of the forearm
-IR size: 14 X 17
-Key Anatomy: elbow joint the radius and ulna, and the proximal carpal bones
-Patient Notes: check for medial epicondyle

21
Q

Lateral forearm

A

-SID:
-IR orientation:
-Breathing:
-Central Ray:
-IR size:
-Key Anatomy:
-Patient Notes:

22
Q

Lateral forearm

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the midpoint of the forearm
-IR size: 14 X 17
-Key Anatomy: elbow, joint radius and ulna and proximal row of carpal bones
-Patient Notes: elbow at 90° angle

23
Q

AP elbow

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the elbow joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: distal arm and proximal forearm
-Patient Notes: supinate the hand

24
Q

Lateral elbow

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to elbow joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: distal arm and proximal forearm
-Patient Notes: elbow should be at 90° angle

25
AP oblique elbow with medial rotation
Why: the coronoid process projected free of superposition
26
AP oblique elbow with lateral rotation
-SID: 40” -IR orientation: length wise -Central Ray: perpendicular to elbow joint -IR size: 10 X 12 -Key Anatomy: distal arm and proximal forearm -Patient Notes: have them touch the table
27
AP humerus
-SID: 48” -IR orientation: length wise -Breathing: suspend -Central Ray: perpendicular to the mid portion of the humerus -IR size: 14 X 17 -Key Anatomy: elbow joint and shoulder joint -Patient Notes: abduct the arm slightly and supinate the hand
28
Lateral humorous (lateromedial)
-SID: 48” -IR orientation: length wise -Breathing: suspend -Central Ray: perpendicular to the mid portion of the humerus -IR size: 14 X 17 -Key Anatomy: elbow joint and shoulder joint -Patient Notes: place posterior of hand on posterior side of hip with perpendicular epicondyles
29
What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
30
AP shoulder (external rotation)
-SID: 40” -IR orientation: crosswise -Breathing: suspend -Central Ray: 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process -IR size: 10 X 12 -Key Anatomy: 1 inch beyond the lateral aspect of the shoulder, the stromal end of the clavicle and the proximal third of the humerus -Positioning Notes: include 1.5 inches above the shoulder; supinate the hand with epicondyles parallel to IR
31
AP shoulder (neutral rotation)
-SID: 40” -IR orientation: crosswise -Breathing: suspend -Central Ray: 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process -IR size: 10 X 12 -Key Anatomy: 1 inch beyond the lateral aspect of the shoulder, the stromal end of the clavicle and the proximal third of the humerus -Positioning Notes: include 1.5 inches above the shoulder; palm of the hand placed against the hip
32
AP shoulder (internal rotation)
-SID: 40” -IR orientation: crosswise -Breathing: suspend -Central Ray: 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process -IR size: 10 X 12 -Key Anatomy: 1 inch beyond the lateral aspect of the shoulder, the stromal end of the clavicle and the proximal third of the humerus -Positioning Notes: include 1.5 inches above the shoulder; posterior aspect of hand placed against hip
33
What is the key evaluation criteria point for AP shoulder with external rotation?
-greater tubercle in profile on lateral aspect of the humerus -Outline of lesser tubercle between the humeral head and greater tubercle
34
What is the key evaluation criteria point for a P shoulder internal rotation?
Lesser tubercle in profile and pointing medially
35
What is the projection for Grashey method?
AP oblique shoulder joint
36
Why is the Grashey Method done?
To see the glenoid cavity in profile; open joint space between the humeral head and glenoid cavity
37
Shoulder Y (PA oblique shoulder joint)
-SID: 40” -IR orientation: lengthwise -Breathing: suspend -Central Ray: perpendicular to the scapulohumeral joint -IR size: 10 X 12 -Key Anatomy: the scapular Y -Positioning Notes: anterior surface of the shoulder being examined against the upright Bucky; forearm horizontally across lower torso; rotate patient to 45° – 60° to IR
38
What is the name for the acromioclavicular articulations projection?
Pearson method
39
Pearson method
-SID: 72” -IR orientation: dependent on patient -Breathing: suspend -IR size: 10 X 12 or 14 X 17 -Key Anatomy: both scapula -Positioning Notes: weight-bearing
40
Alexander method
-has 15° cephalic tube angle -used if suspected AC dislocation
41
AP clavicle
-SID: 40” -IR orientation: crosswise -Breathing: suspend at the end of exhalation -Central Ray: per perpendicular to the midshaft of the clavicle -IR size: 10 X 12 -Key Anatomy: lateral half of the clavicle above the scapula with a medial half superimposing the thorax -Positioning Notes: include 1.5 inch above the shoulder, 1 inch beyond lateral aspect of shoulder, and entire clavicle
42
AP axial clavicle
-SID: 40” -IR orientation: crosswise -Breathing: suspend at the end of full inspiration to elevate clavicle further -Central Ray: directed to enter the midshaft clavicle -IR size: collimate to 8 X 12 -Key Anatomy: entire clavicle, AC and SC joints; lateral 2/3 of clavicle projected above the ribs -Positioning Notes: cephalic angulation depending on patient
43
What is the tube angle for an AP axial clavicle?
15–30
44
Lateral scapula
-SID: 40” -IR orientation: lengthwise -Breathing: suspend -Central Ray: perpendicular to the midmedial border of protruding scapula -IR size: 10 X 12 -Key Anatomy: scapula Y -Patient Notes: patient extend arm upward and rest for arm on upper chest by grasping opposite shoulder

Positioning (6 decks)

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