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Positioning > Upper Extremity & Shoulder Girdle > Flashcards

Upper Extremity & Shoulder Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

PA Digits 2-5

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: lengthwise
-Central Ray: PIP
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire digit from fingertip to distal portion of the adjoining metacarpal
-Note: open IP & MCP joint spaces

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2
Q

Lateral digits 2–5

A

-SID: 40“
-IR orientation: lengthwise
-Central Ray: PIP
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire digit from fingertip to distal portion of the adjoining metacarpal
-Patient Notes: place digit as close to IR as possible

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3
Q

PA oblique digits 2–5

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: PIP
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire digit and adjoining distal metacarpal
-Patient Notes: digit rotated 45°

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4
Q

AP, lateral and oblique first digit

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: MCP joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire digit to the trapezium

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5
Q

Why do we do AP first digit (the Robert method)?

A

Why: the first CMC joint free of superimposition

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6
Q

AP first digit (Burman method)

A

Why: a magnified concavoconvex outline of the first CMC joint

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7
Q

PA hand

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the third MCP joint
-IR size: 10×12
-Key Anatomy: anatomy from fingertips to distal radius and Alma
-Patient Notes: elbow should be bent at 90° angle

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8
Q

PA oblique hand

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: per perpendicular to the third MCP joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire anatomy from fingertips to distal radius and ulna
-Patient Notes: elbow still at 90° angle; hand rotated 45°

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9
Q

Why do we do a regular Lateral hand?

A

To identify foreign object or fracture

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10
Q

Fan lateral hand

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: MCP joints
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: anatomy from fingertips to distal radius and ulna
-why: shows almost all of the individual phalanges

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11
Q

AP oblique hand with medial rotation
(Norgaard method or ball catcher method)

A

Why: shows both hands side-by-side

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12
Q

PA wrist

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the midcarpal area
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: distal radius, ulna, carpals, and proximal half of metacarpals
-Patient Notes: curl fingers under, but not too far

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13
Q

AP wrist

A

Why: the carpal interspaces are better shown, you can see the ulna better

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14
Q

Lateral wrist

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: salon perpendicular to the wrist joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: proximal metacarpals, carpals and distal, radius and ulna
-Patient Notes: there should be superimposition of the distal radius and ulna and metacarpals

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15
Q

PA oblique wrist

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the mid carpal area; just distal to the radius
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: the scaphoid is super imposed on itself
-Patient Notes: 45° rotation

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16
Q

AP oblique wrist with medial rotation

A

Why: this position separates the piss form from adjacent carpal bones

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17
Q

PA wrist with ulnar deviation

A

Why: this position reduces for shortening of the scaphoid

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18
Q

PA axial wrist (Stetcher method)

A

why: the 20° angulation of the wrist places the scaphoid at right angles to the CR so that it is projected with minimal superimposition

19
Q

Tangential carpal canal (Gaynor-Hart method)

A

Why: to see the carpal canal

20
Q

AP forearm

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: per perpendicular to the midpoint of the forearm
-IR size: 14 X 17
-Key Anatomy: elbow joint the radius and ulna, and the proximal carpal bones
-Patient Notes: check for medial epicondyle

21
Q

Lateral forearm

A

-SID:
-IR orientation:
-Breathing:
-Central Ray:
-IR size:
-Key Anatomy:
-Patient Notes:

22
Q

Lateral forearm

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the midpoint of the forearm
-IR size: 14 X 17
-Key Anatomy: elbow, joint radius and ulna and proximal row of carpal bones
-Patient Notes: elbow at 90° angle

23
Q

AP elbow

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the elbow joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: distal arm and proximal forearm
-Patient Notes: supinate the hand

24
Q

Lateral elbow

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to elbow joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: distal arm and proximal forearm
-Patient Notes: elbow should be at 90° angle

25
Q

AP oblique elbow with medial rotation

A

Why: the coronoid process projected free of superposition

26
Q

AP oblique elbow with lateral rotation

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to elbow joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: distal arm and proximal forearm
-Patient Notes: have them touch the table

27
Q

AP humerus

A

-SID: 48”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Breathing: suspend
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the mid portion of the humerus
-IR size: 14 X 17
-Key Anatomy: elbow joint and shoulder joint
-Patient Notes: abduct the arm slightly and supinate the hand

28
Q

Lateral humorous (lateromedial)

A

-SID: 48”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Breathing: suspend
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the mid portion of the humerus
-IR size: 14 X 17
-Key Anatomy: elbow joint and shoulder joint
-Patient Notes: place posterior of hand on posterior side of hip with perpendicular epicondyles

29
Q

What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle and scapula

30
Q

AP shoulder (external rotation)

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: crosswise
-Breathing: suspend
-Central Ray: 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: 1 inch beyond the lateral aspect of the shoulder, the stromal end of the clavicle and the proximal third of the humerus
-Positioning Notes: include 1.5 inches above the shoulder; supinate the hand with epicondyles parallel to IR

31
Q

AP shoulder (neutral rotation)

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: crosswise
-Breathing: suspend
-Central Ray: 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: 1 inch beyond the lateral aspect of the shoulder, the stromal end of the clavicle and the proximal third of the humerus
-Positioning Notes: include 1.5 inches above the shoulder; palm of the hand placed against the hip

32
Q

AP shoulder (internal rotation)

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: crosswise
-Breathing: suspend
-Central Ray: 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: 1 inch beyond the lateral aspect of the shoulder, the stromal end of the clavicle and the proximal third of the humerus
-Positioning Notes: include 1.5 inches above the shoulder; posterior aspect of hand placed against hip

33
Q

What is the key evaluation criteria point for AP shoulder with external rotation?

A

-greater tubercle in profile on lateral aspect of the humerus
-Outline of lesser tubercle between the humeral head and greater tubercle

34
Q

What is the key evaluation criteria point for a P shoulder internal rotation?

A

Lesser tubercle in profile and pointing medially

35
Q

What is the projection for Grashey method?

A

AP oblique shoulder joint

36
Q

Why is the Grashey Method done?

A

To see the glenoid cavity in profile; open joint space between the humeral head and glenoid cavity

37
Q

Shoulder Y (PA oblique shoulder joint)

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: lengthwise
-Breathing: suspend
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the scapulohumeral joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: the scapular Y
-Positioning Notes: anterior surface of the shoulder being examined against the upright Bucky; forearm horizontally across lower torso; rotate patient to 45° – 60° to IR

38
Q

What is the name for the acromioclavicular articulations projection?

A

Pearson method

39
Q

Pearson method

A

-SID: 72”
-IR orientation: dependent on patient
-Breathing: suspend
-IR size: 10 X 12 or 14 X 17
-Key Anatomy: both scapula
-Positioning Notes: weight-bearing

40
Q

Alexander method

A

-has 15° cephalic tube angle
-used if suspected AC dislocation

41
Q

AP clavicle

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: crosswise
-Breathing: suspend at the end of exhalation
-Central Ray: per perpendicular to the midshaft of the clavicle
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: lateral half of the clavicle above the scapula with a medial half superimposing the thorax
-Positioning Notes: include 1.5 inch above the shoulder, 1 inch beyond lateral aspect of shoulder, and entire clavicle

42
Q

AP axial clavicle

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: crosswise
-Breathing: suspend at the end of full inspiration to elevate clavicle further
-Central Ray: directed to enter the midshaft clavicle
-IR size: collimate to 8 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire clavicle, AC and SC joints; lateral 2/3 of clavicle projected above the ribs
-Positioning Notes: cephalic angulation depending on patient

43
Q

What is the tube angle for an AP axial clavicle?

A

15–30

44
Q

Lateral scapula

A

-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: lengthwise
-Breathing: suspend
-Central Ray: perpendicular to the midmedial border of protruding scapula
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: scapula Y
-Patient Notes: patient extend arm upward and rest for arm on upper chest by grasping opposite shoulder

Positioning (6 decks)

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