Lower Extremity Flashcards
AP toes
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: lengthwise
-Central Ray: perpendicular through third MTP joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire toes, including distal, ends of metatarsals
-Positioning Notes: seated or supine on table
AP axial toes
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: lengthwise
-Central Ray: perpendicular through third MTP joint; direct central ray 15° posteriorly
-Tube Angle: 15°
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire toes, including distal, ends of the metatarsals
-Positioning Notes: patient seated or supine on table
AP oblique toes
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: link wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular, and entering third MTP joint
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire toes, including distal, ends of metatarsals
-Positioning Notes: foot forms 30° – 45° angle
Lateral toes (great toe and second toe)
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: lengthwise
-Central Ray: perpendicular entering IP joint of great toe
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire toe without sober imposition of adjacent toes
-Positioning Notes: patient toe in true lateral; use tape if necessary
Lateral toe(third, fourth, and fifth toes)
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular entering proximal IP joint of the lesser toes
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire toe without super imposition of adjacent toes
-Positioning Notes: patient on affected side
What is the name for tangential sesamoid of toes?
Lewis and Holly method
Lewis and Holly method
Why: to see sesamoid bones
AP Foot
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular entering base of third metatarsal
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
-Positioning Notes: patient seated or supine
AP axial foot
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: 10° toward heel entering the base of third metatarsal
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: toes to tarsals
-Positioning Notes: patient seated or supine
AP oblique foot with medial rotation
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to base of third metatarsal
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: cuboid shown in profile, include ankle
-Positioning Notes: patient seated or supine; foot rotated 30° medially
AP oblique foot with medial rotation
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to base of third metatarsal
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: cuboid shown in profile, include ankle
-Positioning Notes: patient seated or supine; foot rotated 30° medially
AP oblique foot with lateral rotation
Why: to see the navicular better
Lateral foot with mediolateral rotation
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to base of third metatarsal
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire foot and profile ankle joints, and distal ends of tib fib
-Positioning Notes: Dorsiflex foot; don’t over rotate not fully on side always
AP axial feet (weight-bearing method)
Why: weight-bearing
Axial calcaneus
Why: want to get calcaneus and talocalcaneus joint spaces open
Weight-bearing coalition (Harris-Beath method)
Patient standing with with central ray at 45° angle
AP ankle
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular through ankle joint at point midway between malleoli
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: distal ends of tib fib and proximal portion of talus
-Positioning Notes: patient supine or seated; no lazy foot or ankle
Lateral ankle with mediolateral rotation
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular to ankle joint entering medial malleolus
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: ankle joint, lower third of tib fib, base of fifth metatarsal
-Positioning Notes: patient supine, turning toward affected side until ankle is lateral
What is the name of the fracture of the fifth metatarsal?
Jones fracture
And what projection is the Jones fracture most visible?
Lateral ankle with mediolateral rotation
AP oblique ankle with medial rotation
Why: to see open joint spaces
What is being seen on an AP oblique ankle with medial rotation?
Mortise joint
AP oblique ankle with medial rotation
-SID: 40”
-IR orientation: length wise
-Central Ray: perpendicular entering ankle joint midway between malleloi
-IR size: 10 X 12
-Key Anatomy: entire ankle Mortise joint in profile, include heal, and lower third of tib fib
-Positioning Notes: patient’s foot immediately rotated 15° to 20° (not a severe rotation)
AP ankle (stress method)
Most common for radiologist to apply force
AP leg
-SID: 48”
-IR orientation: lengthwise or diagonal
-Central Ray: perpendicular to center of leg
-IR size: 14 X 17
-Key Anatomy: tibia, fibula and adjacent joints
-Positioning Notes: adjust leg so femoral condyles are parallel with IR
Lateral leg with mediolateral rotation
-SID: 48”
-IR orientation: lengthwise or diagonal
-Central Ray: perpendicular to midpoint of leg
-IR size: 14 X 17
-Key Anatomy: the knee to ankle
-Positioning Notes: patient in supine position
