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CAM III > Upper Extremity part 2 > Flashcards

Upper Extremity part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of ulnar nerve at elbow

Caused by trauma, elbow flexed for long periods

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2
Q

PE of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Pain/paresthesia
Pos Tinels
+elbow flexion test (flex elbows for 60 secs)
Wasting of intrinsic

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3
Q

Tx for cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Bracing

Surgery

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4
Q

Olecranon bursitis- causes

A 
Trauma
Inflammation/pressure
Infection
Medical conditions (gout)
Acute or chronic
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5
Q

S/sx of olecranon bursitis

A 
Swelling
\+/- pain
\+/- redness
Fluctuant
Dec ROM
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6
Q

Tx for non-infected olecranon bursitis

A 
Compression
NSAIDs
Activity modification
Aspiration
Surgery PRN
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7
Q

Tx for infected olecranon bursitis

A

Asp-send off for analysis
Surgical drainage/removal
Abx

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8
Q

Components of tennis elbow

A 
Lateral epicondylitis
Overuse injury
Origin of ERCB tendon
Gradual onset of pain
Worse with wrist extension
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9
Q

PE of tennis elbow

A

Localized tenderness
Pain with resisted extension of wrist
Lift object with palm up and palm down (pain)

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10
Q

Tx for tennis elbow

A 
Activity modification
Rest
NSAIDs
Elbow strap
PT/stretching
Injection
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11
Q

Golfer’s elbow components

A

Medial epicondylitis
Origin of flexor/pronator muscles
Less common than lateral
Pain with wrist flexion and pronation

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12
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow components

A

Subluxation of the radial head
Very common early childhood injury (1-4)
MOA- pulling/swinging
Annular ligament is weak in young children

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13
Q

S/sx of nursemaid’s elbow

A

Child holds elbow at side
Refuses to move arm
Hard to examine
Dx via X-ray

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14
Q

X-ray for nursemaid’s elbow

A

Radiocapitellar line
Draw a line through the radial neck
Anterior humeral line should bisect the capitellum

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15
Q

Reduction maneuver steps for nursemaid’s elbow

A 
Elbow in supination
Pressure on radial head
Gentle traction
Full flexion
Feel click or pop
Immediate relief
Post-reduction films
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16
Q

Possible complaints of the AC joint

A 
Prominence/tenting/deformity
Bruising
Pain
Support arm
Pain with cross arm adduction
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17
Q

What can aid in an AC joint dx?

A

Weighted X-rays

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18
Q

Type I AC joint

A

Ligament stretched

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19
Q

Type II AC joint

A

Partial rupture of AC ligaments

20
Q

Type III AC joint

A

Complete rupture

AC and CC ligaments

21
Q

Type IV AC joint

A

Clavicle displaced posterior over acromion

22
Q

Type V AC joint

A

Clavicle displaced just under skin

23
Q

Type VI AC joint

A

Clavicle underneath coracoid (very rare)

24
Q

Components of rotator cuff tear

A

Acute or degenerative
MC= supraspinatus
Older pts

25
Q

S/sx of rotator cuff tear

A

Pain with reaching
Nighttime pain
Weakness with overhead activities

26
Q

PE of rotator cuff tear

A 
Good PROM
Dec AROM
Pos empty can
Pos drop arm test
Pos liftoff test
Muscle wasting (chronic)
27
Q

What do X-rays look like with a rotator cuff tear?

A

Can be nl or high riding humeral head

28
Q

What is the tx for rotator cuff tear or tendonitis?

A 
PT
Injections
Activity modification
Strengthening
NSAIDs
Surgical repair
29
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

Frozen shoulder
DM can be a cause
Age 40+
Unilateral or bilateral

30
Q

PE of adhesive capsulitis

A

Loss of both AROM and PROM

31
Q

Tx of adhesive capsulitis

A 
NSAIDs
PT
Home stretching
Ice/heat
Injection
Manipulation
32
Q

Impingement

A

Inflammation of bursa and RTC tendons

When raised- space between acromion and RTC narrows

33
Q

What type of rotation is lost first in adhesive capsulitis?

A

Internal, then external lost

34
Q

S/sx of impingement

A

Gradual onset
Anterior/deltoid pain
Nighttime pain
Worse with reaching

35
Q

What are the special tests for impingement?

A

Hawkins

Neer

36
Q

Subluxation of shoulder

A

Humeral head partially slips

37
Q

Dislocation of shoulder

A

Fully slips out of glenoid

38
Q

Characteristics of recurrent subluxation

A 
Atraumatic
Multi-directional
Bilateral
Rehab
Inferior capsule shift
39
Q

PE of recurrent subluxation

A

Pos sulcus sign
Pos apprehension sign
General ligament laxity

40
Q

Characteristics of shoulder dislocation

A

Traumatic
Unidirectional
Bankart lesion (anterior inferior labrum)
Surgery

41
Q

What is the most common kind of shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior
ANY movement causes pain
Axillary nerve defect

42
Q

Characteristics of labrum tear

A

Superior Labral tear from Anterior to Posterior
Painful popping or catching
Deep ache “inside”
Throwing athletes

43
Q

What is the special test for a labrum tear?

A

O’Brien

44
Q

O’Brien steps

A 
90 degree forward flexion
20 degrees adduction
Pusch down with arm supinated
Then with arm pronated
Pos- increased pain when pronated
45
Q

Tx for labrum tear

A 
MR arthrogram- dx
NSAIDs
PT
Activity modifications
Surgery

CAM III (12 decks)

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