Upper Extremity Muscles Flashcards
Pectoralis Major
A: Adduct humerus, medially rotate humerus
- Clavicular head: flex humerus
- Sternocostal head: extend flexed humerus
I: Medial + Lateral pectoral N.
BS: Thoracoacromial trunk, pectoral branch
Attaches @ Front of the humerus (lateral edge of intertubercular groove of humerus)
Pectoralis Minor
A: Stabilize scapula by depression and protraction
I: Medial pectoral N.
BS: Thoracoacromial trunk (pectoral branch)
Attaches @ coracoid process of scapula
Subclavius
A: Stabilize + depress clavicle
I: N. to the subclavius M.
BS: Thoracoacromial trunk (clavicular branch)
Attaches @ Inferior aspect middle clavicle
Serratus Anterior
A: Protract scapula, stabilize scapula against the thoracic wall, rotate glenoid cavity superiorily
I: Long thoracic N.
BS: Lateral thoracic artery
Attaches @ Deep surface of the medial border of the scapula
Deltoid
A:
- Clavicular (anterior) part: flex humerus, medially rotate humerus
- Acromial (middle) part: Abduct humerus
- Spinal (posterior) part: extend humerus, laterally (externally) rotate humerus
I: Axillary N.
BS: Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Attaches @ Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Subscapularis (rotator cuff muscle)
A: Medially (internally) rotate humerus, Adduct humerus, Hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
I: Superior subscapular N. + Inferior subscapular N.
BS: Subscapular A.
Attaches @ Front of humerus (lesser tubercle)
-fills the whole scapular fosssa
Supraspinatus (rotator cuff muscle)
A: Abduct humerus + Hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
I: Suprascapular N.
BS: Suprascapular artery
Attaches @ top of humerus (Greater humeral tubercle)
Infraspinatus (rotator cuff muscle)
A: laterally rotate humerus + hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
I: Suprascapular N.
BS: Suprascapular artery and circumflex scapular artery
Attaches @ back of humerus (greater humeral tubercle)
Teres Minor (rotator cuff muscle)
A: Laterally rotate humerus + hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
I: Axillary N.
BS: Circumflex scapular artery
Attaches @ back of humerus (greater humeral tubercle)
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
- Subscapularis
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
(SITS)
-Hold humerus in place-
Teres Major
A: Adduct humerus + Medially rotate the humerus
I: Inferior subscapular N.
BS: Circumflex scapular artery
Attaches @ front of the humerus (medial edge intertubecular groove)
Biceps Brachii (long head + short head)
A: flex humerus + flex supine forearm + supinate forearm + short head resists shoulder dislocation
I: Musculocutaneous N.
BS: Brachial artery
Attaches @ Radial tuberosity & Antebrachial fascia as bicipital aponeurosis
Coracobrachialis
A: Flex humerus + adduct humerus
I: Musculocutaneous
BS: Brachial artery
Attaches @ Medial humeral body
Brachialis
A: Flex forearm (elbow)
I: Musculocutaneous N.
BS: Radial recurrent artery
Attaches @ Ulnar Tuberosity
Triceps Brachii (long + medium + short head)
A: Extend forearm (elbow extensor), (long head) resists shoulder dislocation, extend humerus, adducts humerus
I: Radial N.
BS: Deep brachial artery
Attaches @ Olecranon process of ulna + Antebrachial fascia
Anconeus
A: Extend forearm, Stabilizes elbow joint & abducts the ulna during pronation
I: Radial N.
BS: Deep brachial artery, interosseus recurrent artery
Attaches @ Lateral aspect of olecranon (top) of ulna
Pronator teres
A: Pronate forearm + flex forearm
I: Median N.
BS: Ulnar artery, radial artery
Attaches @ lateral aspect of radius
Flexor Carpi Radialis
A: Flex hand @ wrist + Abduct hand @ wrist
I: median N.
BS: Ulnar A.
Attaches @ Anterial base of 2nd metacarpal
Palmaris longus
A: Flex hand at wrist + Tense palmar aponeurosis
I: Median N.
BS: Ulnar A.
Attaches @ Palmar aponeurosis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
A: Flex hand @ wrist + Adduct hand @ wrist
I: Ulnar N.
BS: Ulnar A.
Attaches @ Pisiform
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
A: Flex forearm + Flex hand @ wrist + Flex digits (metacarpophalangeal joint + Flex proximal interphalangeal joint)
I: Median N.
BS: Ulnar A.
Attaches @ middle phalanges (it splits its tendon like a snake)
Flexor digitorum profundus
A: Flex hand @ wrist + Flex metacapopholangeal joint + Flex proximal interphalangeal joint + Flex interphalangeal joint
I:
- Lateral part: Anterior interosseous N.
- Medial part: ulnar N.
BS: Ulnar artery + anterior interosseous artery
Attaches @ Distal phalanges
Flexor Pollicis Longus
A: Flex hand @ wrist + Flex 1st carpometacarpal joint + Flex 1st metacarpophalangeal joint + Flex 1st interphalangeal joint
I: Anterior interosseous N.
BS: Anterior interosseous artery
Attaches @ distal thumb (pollex)
Pronator Quadratus
A: Pronate forearm (holds ulna and radius together)
I: Anterior interosseous N.
BS: Anterior interosseous artery
Attaches @ Anterior distal radius
Bracioradialis
A: Flex forearm
I: Radial N.
BS: Radial recurrent artery
Attaches @ Lateral distal radius
Extensor carpi radialis longus
A: Extend hand @ wrist + Abduct hand @ wrist
I: Radial N.
BS: Radial A.
Attaches @ Base of 2nd metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
A: Extend hand @ wrist + Abduct hand @ wrist
I: Deep radial N.
BS: Radial artery
Attaches @ Base of 3rd metacarpal
Extensor Digitorum
A: Extend hand @ wrist +
- extend digits 2-5 @
- metacarpophalangeal joint
- proximal interphalangeal joint
- distal interphalangeal joint
I: Posterior interosseous N.
BS: Posterior interosseous artery
Attaches @ Extensor expansion digits 2-5
Extensor Digiti Minimi
- A: Extend @ 5th digit*
- metacarpophalangeal joint
- proximal interphalangeal joint
- distal interphalangeal joint
I: Posterior interosseous N.
BS: Posterior interosseous artery
Attaches @ extenser expansion 5th digit
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
A: Extend hand @ wrist + Adduct hand @ wrist
I: Posterior interosseous N.
BS: Ulnar artery
Attaches @
Supinator
A: Supinate forearm
I: Deep radial N.
BS: Radial recurrent artery
Wraps around and Attaches @ Anterior Radius
Extensor Indicis
A: Extend hand @ wrist + extend index finger
I: Posterior interosseous N.
BS: Posterior interosseous artery
Attaches @ Extensor expansion 2nd digit
Abductor Pollicis Longus
A: Abduct hand @ wrist + Abduct pollex (radial flexion)
I: Posterior interosseous N.
BS: Posterior interosseous artery
Attaches @ Base of thumb metacarpal
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
A: Abduct hand @ wrist (radial flexion) + Extend pollex
I: Posterior interosseous N.
BS: Posterior interosseous artery
Attaches @ proximal pollex
Extensor Pollicis Longus
A: Abduct hand @ wrist (radial flexion) + extend pollex
I: Posterior interosseous N.
BS: Posterior interosseous artery
Attaches @ Distal thumb
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
A: Abduct pollex (thumb)
I: Recurrent branch median N.
BS: Raidal A.
Attacehes @ Base of thumb (proximal phalanx pollex)
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
A: Flex pollex
I:
- Superficial head: recurrent branch median N.
- Deep head: deep ulnar N.
BS: Radial A.
Attaches @ base of thumb
Opponens Pollicis
A: Oppose pollex (thumb)
I: Recurrent branch median N.
BS: Radial A.
Attaches @ Lateral thumb metacarpal
Adductor Pollicis
A: Adduct pollex (thumb)
I: Deep ulnar N.
BS: Deep palmar arterial arch
Attaches @ base of thumb (proximal phalanx)
Abductor Digiti Minimi
A: Abduct 5th digit
I: Deep ulnar N.
BS: Ulnar Artery
Attaches @ Medial base of proximal phalanx 5th digit
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
A: Flex proximal phalanx 5th digit
I: Deep ulnar N.
BS: Ulnar A.
Attaches @ Medial base of proximal phalanx 5th digit
Opponens Digiti Minimi
A: Oppose 5th digit (touch pinky to thumb)
I: Deep ulnar N.
BS: Ulnar A.
Attaches @ Medial 5th metacarpal
1st and 2nd Lumbrical Muscles
A: Flex metacarpophalangeal joint + Extend proximal interphalangeal joint + Extend distal interphalangeal joint
I: Median N.
BS: Superficial palmar arch, common palmar arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital arteries
Come off of flexor digitorum profundus tendon and attach @ Extensor expansion
3rd and 4th Lumbrical Muscles
A: Flex metacarpophalangeal joint + Extend proximal interphalangeal joint + Extend distal interphalangeal joint
I: Deep ulnar N.
BS: Superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital arteries
Come off of flexor digitorum profundus tendon and attach @ Extensor expansion
Dorsal Interossei Muscles (1-4 DAB)
A:
- Abduct 2nd digit laterally, 3rd digit on both directionns, 4th digit medially
- Flex metacarpophalangeal joint (digits 2-4)
- Extend proximal interphalangeal joint (digits 2-4)
- Extend distal interphalangeal joint (digits 2-4)
I: Deep ulnar N.
BS: Dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries
Attaches @ Bases of Proximal phalanges & Extensor expansions
Palmar Interossei Muscles (1-3 PAD)
A:
- Adduct 2nd digit medially, 4th and 5th digits laterally
- Flex metacarpophalangeal joint (digits 2, 4, 5)
- Extend proximal interphalangeal joint (digits 2, 4, 5)
- Extend distal interphalangeal joint (digits 2, 4, 5)
I: Deep ulnar N
BS: Palmar metacarpal arteries
Attaches @ Bases of Proximal phalanges & Extensor expansions
