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Anatomy Review > Upper Extremity Muscles > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

A: assistance in arm abduction, stabilization of the humerus

N: suprascapular nerve

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2
Q

Infraspinatus

A

O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

A: ER of the arm, stabilization of the humerus

N: suprascapular nerve

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3
Q

Teres minor

A

O: lateral border of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior facet)

A: ER of the arm, stabilization of the humerus

N: axillary nerve

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4
Q

Subscapularis

A

O: subscapular fossa

I: lesser tubercle of the humerus

A: IR of the arm, stabilization of the humerus

N: upper and lower subscapular nerves

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5
Q

Teres major

A

O: inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of the scapula

I: intertubercular sulcus (medial lip) of the humberus

A: adduction and medial rotation of the humerus

N: lower subscapular nerve

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6
Q

Serratus anterior

A

O: lateral parts of the 1st to 8th ribs

I: medial border of the scapula

A: protraction and rotation of the scapula

N: long thoracic nerve

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7
Q

Levator scapulae

A

O: transverse process of the atlas and axis, posterior tubercles C3 and C4

I: posterior surface of the medial scapular border (from the superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula)

A: elevation of the scapula

N: anterior rami of the nerves C3 and C4, dorsal scapular nerve (branch of the C5)

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8
Q

Rhomboid major

A

O: spinous processes of the T2-5 vertebrae

I: inserts onto the medial border of the scapula

A: retracts scapula, stabilizes scapula against thoracic wall

N: dorsal scapular nerve

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9
Q

Trapezius

A

O: superior nuchal line, external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

I: lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula

A: elevation, depression, and retraction of the scapula

N: spinal accessory nerve, C3 and C4 spinal nerves

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10
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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11
Q

Pectoralis major

A

O: medial half of the clavicle (clavicular head), anterior surface of the sternum, 1st to 6th costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle (sternocosotal head)

I: crest of greater tubercle of humerus

A: adduction and IR of humerus

N: lateral nad medial pectoral nerves

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12
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

O: anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs and the fascia overlying the intercostal spaces

I: medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula

A: protraction of the scapula, pulls the coracoid process anteriorly and inferiorly, accessory muscle in respiratory

N: medial pectoral nerve

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13
Q

Deltoid

A

O: lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A: abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint

N: axillary nerve

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14
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

O: spinous processes of T5-L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, X-XII ribs

I: intertubercular groove of the humerus

A: contracting insertion > origin = adduction, extension, IR of arm.
Contracting origin > insertion = rotation of the trunk

N: thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

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15
Q

Brachialis

A

O: distal half of the anterior side of the humerus and intermuscular septa

I: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

A: elbow flex

N: musculocutaneous and radial nerves

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16
Q

Biceps brachii

A

O: long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
Short head - apex of the coracoid process of the scapula

I: radial tuberosity of the radius

A: elbow flex, supinate, accessory shoulder flex at GH jt

N: musculocutaneous nerve

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17
Q

coracobrachialis

A

O: coracoid process of the scapula

I: anteromedial surface of the humerus

A: adduction and flexion of the arm

N: musculocutaneous nerve

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18
Q

Triceps brachii

A

O: long head - infragenoid tubercle of the scapula
Medial head - posterior surface of the humerus
Lateral head - posterior surface of the humerus

I: olecranon

A: elbow ext

N: radial nerve

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19
Q

Pronator teres

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus (humeral head), coronoid process of the ulna (ulnar head)

I: lateral side of the radius

A: pronation of forearm, flexion of elbow

N: median nerve

20
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon)

I: bases of 2nd metacarpal bone

A: flexion and abduction of the hand at the wrist joint

N: median nerve

21
Q

Palmaris longus

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon)

I: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

A: flexion of the hand at the wrist joint

N: median nerve

22
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

O: humeral head (medial epicondyle of the humerus), ulnar head (olecranon and posterior border of the ulna)

I: pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, base of the 5th metacarpal bone

A: flexion and adduction of the hand at the wrist

N: ulnar nerve

23
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna (humero-ulnar head) and superior half of anterior border (ulnar head).

I: shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

A: flexion of middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints and flexion of the proximal phalanges at the MCP jts of the middle 4 digits

N: median nerve

24
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

O: anterior surface of the ulna (distal quarter)

I: anterior surface of the radius (distal quarter)

A: pronation, binding of the radius and ulna

N: anterior interosseous nerve

25
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

O: anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane

I: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

A: flexion of the phalanges of the thumb

N: anterior interosseous nerve

26
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

O: proximal parts of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the ulna and interosseous membrane

I: bases of the phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part), bases of the phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part)

A: flexion of the distal phalanges at the interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part) and of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part)

N: ulnar nerve (medial part), anterior interosseous nerve (lateral part).

27
Q

Supinator

A

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, crest of the ulna, supinator fossa, radial collateral and anular ligaments

I: surface of the proximal third of the radial shaft

A: forearm supination

N: deep branch of the radial nerve

28
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

I: posterior surfaces of the middle and distal phalanges (2nd-5th)

A: extension of the index, middle, ring and little fingers

N: posterior interosseus nerve (branch of the radial nerve)

29
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, posterior border of the ulna

I: medial side of the base of the metacarpal V

A: extension and adduction of the wrist

N: posterior interosseus nerve (branch of the radial nerve)

30
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

O: lateral supra epicondylar bridge of humerus

I: base of the 2nd metacarpal

A: extension and abduction of the hand at the wrist joint

N: radial nerve

31
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: base of the 3rd metacarpal

A: extension and abduction of the hand at the wrist jt

N: deep branch of radial nerve

32
Q

Extensor indicis proprius

A

O: posterior side of the distal third of the ulnar shaft, interosseous membrane

I: external expansion of the 2nd digit

A: extension of the 2nd digit

N: posterior interosseous nerve

33
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

I: dorsal aponeurosis of the little finger

A: extension of the little finger

N: posterior interosseus nerve (branch of the raidal nerve)

34
Q

Brachioradialis

A

O: proximal two-thirds of the supra-epicondylar ridge of the humerus

I: lateral surface of the distal end of the radius

A: forearm flexion, especially during mid-pronation

N: radial nerve

35
Q

Thenar eminence 3 muscles:

A

flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

36
Q

Hypothenar eminence 3 muscles:

A

flexor digiti minimi brevis
abductor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi

37
Q

Interossei: made up of ___ dorsal (_____) and ___ palmar inerossei (_____).

A
  • 4 - unipennate

- 3 - bipennate

38
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

I: lateral expansions of the 2nd to 5th digits

A: flexion of the metacarpophalangeal jts and extension of the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-4th digits

N: median nerve (1st and 2nd lumbricals), deep branch of ulnar nerve (3rd and 4th lumbricals)

39
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

O: nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae

I: medial end of the scapular spine

A: retraction and fixation of the scapula on the thoracic wall

N: dorsal scapular nerve

40
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

O: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of trapezium and scaphoid bones

I: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: thumb flexion (bending)

N: recurrent branch of the median nerve (superficial head) and deep branch of ulnar head (deep head)

41
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A

O: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of trapezium and scaphoid bones

I: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: recurrent branch of the median nerve

N: thumb abduction (moving away from the hand)

42
Q

opponens pollicis

A

O: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium and scaphoid bones

I: first metacarpal bone

A: thumb flexion, abduction, and medial rotation resulting in a combined movement called opposition

N: recurrent branch of the median nerve

43
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

I: base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

A: flexion of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

N: deep branch of ulnar nerve

44
Q

abductor digiti minimi brevis

A

O: pisiform

I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

A: abduction of the 5th digit and flexion assistance of the proximal phalanx

N: deep branch of ulnar nerve

45
Q

opponens digiti minimi

A

O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

I: medial border of 5th metacarpal

A: opposition of the 5th digit

N: deep branch of ulnar nerve

46
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

O: sides of 2 adjacent metacorpals

I: bases of the proximal phalanges via the extensor expansions of the 2nd to 4th digits

A: abduction of the 2nd to 4th digits, assisting the lumbricals in extension

N: deep branch of ulnar nerve

47
Q

Palmar interossei

A

O: palmar surfaces of the 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals

I: bases of the proximal phalanges via the extensor expansions of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits

A: adduction of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits, assisting the lumbricals in extension

N: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Anatomy Review (10 decks)

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