Lower extremity Muscles Flashcards
2 parts of iliopsoas
iliacus
psoas
Iliacus
O: iliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrum
I: lesser trochanter of the femur
A: flexes the thigh (if thigh fixed, it flexes the pelvus)
N: femoral nerve
psoas major
O: bodies and transverse proceses of lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon
A: flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the Lspine vertebral column
N: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4
psoas minor
O: bodies of the T12 and L1 vertebrae
I: iliopectineal arch
A: flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
N: branches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2
abductor digiti minimi (foot)
O: medial and lateral sides of the tuberosity of the calcaneus
I: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
A: abducts the 5th toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal jt
N: lateral plantar nerve
abductor hallucis
O: medial side of the tuberosity of calcaneus
I: medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe (hallux)
A: abducts the great toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal jt
N: medial plantar nerve
adductor brevis
O: inferior pubic ramus
I: pectineal line and linea aspera
A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur
N: anterior division of the obturator nerve
adductor hallucis
O: oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse head: heads of metatarsals 3-5
I: lateral side of base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
A: adducts the great toe (moves it toward midline of the foot; ie toward the 2nd digit)
N: deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
adductor longus
O: medial portion of the superior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera of the femur
A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur
N: anterior division of the obturator nerve
adductor magnus
O: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
I: linea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur
A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischocondylar part)
N: posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischocondylar part)
adductor minimus
O: lower portion of the inferior pubic ramus
I: gluteal ridge and upper part of the linea aspera of the femur
A: adducts and laterally rotates the femur
N: posterior division of the obturator nerve
articularis genu
O: anterior surface of the femur above the patellar surface
I: articular capsule of the knee
A: elevates the articular capsule of the knee joint
N: femoral nerve
biceps femoris
O: long head-ischial tuberosity; short head-lateral lip of the linea aspera
I: head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia
A: extends the thigh, flexes the leg
N: long head-tibial nerve; short head-common fibular (peroneal) nerve
dorsal interosseous (foot)
O: shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones
I: bases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) and digits 3 and 4 (lateral side)
A: abducts digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline; flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal jts of those digits
N: deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
extensor digitorum brevis
O: superolateral surface of the calcaneus
I: extensor expansion of toes 1-4
A: extends toes 1-4
N: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
extensor digitorum longus
O: lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior surface of the fibula, lateral portion of the interosseus membrane
I: dorsum of the lateral 4 toes via extensor expansions (central slip inserts on base of middle phalanx, lateral slips on base of distal phalanx)
A: extends the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal jts of the lateral 4 toes
N: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
extensor hallucis brevis
O: superolateral surface of the calcaneus
I: dorsum of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe
A: extends the great toe
N: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
extensor hallucis longus
O: middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane
I: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
A: extends the metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal jts of the great toe
N: deep peroneal nerve
Peroneus brevis
O: lower 1/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula
I: tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal
A: PF + ever
N: superficial peroneal nerve
Peroneus longus
O: upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula
I: after crossing the plantar surface of the foot deep to the intrinsic muscles, it inserts on the medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st metatarsal bone.
A: PF + ever
N: superficial peroneal nerve
Peroneus tertius
O: distal part of the ant surface of the fibula
I: dorsum of the 5th metatarsal bone
A: everts the foot
N: deep peroneal nerve
flexor digiti minimi brevis
O: base of the 5th metatarsal bone
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: flexes the metatarsophalangeal jt of the 5th digit
N: lateral plantar nerve
flexor digitorum brevis
O: tuberosity of the calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septae
I: base of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 after splitting to allow passage of the flexor digitorum longus tendons
A: flexes the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal jts of digits 2-5
N: medial plantar nerve
flexor digitorum longus
O: middle half of the posterior surface of the tibia
I: bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexes the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal jts of digits 2-5; PF.
N: tibial nerve
flexor hallucis brevis
O: cuboid, lateral cuneiform,
I: medial belly - medial side of proximal phalanx of great toe; lateral belly - lateral side
A: flexes the MTP jt of the great toe
N: medial plantar nerve
flexor hallucis longus
O: lower 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula
I: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
A: flexes the MTP and proximal interphalangeal jts of the great toe; PF
N: tibial nerve
gastrocnemius
O: medial head: above the medial femoral condyle. Lateral head: above the lateral femoral condyle
I: dorsum of the calcaneus via the achilles tendon
A: knee flex; PF foot
N: tibial nerve
gemellus (inferior)
O: ischial tuberosity
I: obturator internus tendon
A: laterally rotates the femur
N: nerve to the quadratus femoris m.
gemellus (superior)
O: ischial spine
I: obturator internus tendon
A: laterally rotates the femur
N: nerve to the obturator internus m.
gluteus maximus
O: posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I: upper fibres - iliotibial tract. Lower fibres - gluteal tuberosity of the femur
A: hip ext + ER
N: inferior gluteal nerve
gluteus medius
O: external surface of the ilium between the post and ant gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: hip abd + IR
N: superior gluteal nerve
gluteus minimus
O: external surface of the ilium between ant and inf gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of the femur
A: hip abd + IR
N: superior gluteal nerve
gracilis
O: pubic symphysis and inferior pubic ramus
I: medial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus)
A: hip add, hip flex, hip IR, knee flex
N: ant. division of the obturator nerve
iliopsoas
O: iliac fossa; bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter of the femur
A: hip flex, flex and lateral bend of lumbar vertebral column
N: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4; branches of the femoral nerve
inferior gamellus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: obturator internus tendon
A: laterally rotates the femur
N: nerve to the quadratus femoris m.
interosseous, dorsal
O: shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones
I: basses of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) and digits 3 and 4 (lateral side
A: abducts digits 2-4; flex the MTP jts, extend the IP jts of those digits
N: deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
interosseous, plantar
O: base and medial side of metatarsals 3-5
I: bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5
A: adducts digits 3-5; flex the MCP and extend IP jts of digits 3-5
N: deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
Lumbricals (foot)
O: tendons of the flexor digitorum longus
I: medial side of the extensor expansion of digits 2-5
A: flex the MTP jt, extend the proximal IP and distal IP jts of digits 2-5
N: medial (1st) lumbrical - medial plantar nerve. Lateral 3 lumbricals - lateral plantar nerve
obturator externus
O: the external surface of the obturator membrane and the superior and iferior pubic rami
I: trochanteric fossa of the femur
A: hip ER
N: obturator nerve
obturator internus
O: the internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen
I: greater trochanter on its medial surface above the trochanteric fossa
A: hip ER, hip abd
N: nerve to the obturator internus m.
pectineus
O: pectin of the pubis
I: pectineal line of the femur
A: hip add, flex, IR
N: femoral nerve
piriformis
O: anterior surface of sacrum
I: upper border of greater trochanter of femur
A: hip ER, abd
N: ventral rami of S1-S2
plantaris
O: above the lateral femoral condyle (above the lateral head of gastroc)
I: dorsum of the calcaneus medial to the calcaneal tendon
A: knee flex, PF
N: tibial nerve
popliteus
O: lateral condyle of the femur
I: posterior surface of the tibia above the soleal line
A: knee flex, IR tibia, foot planted = hip ER
N: tibial nerve
quadratus femoris
O: lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate line of the femur below the intertrochanteric crest
A: hip ER
N: nerve to the quadratus femoris m.
quadratus plantae
O: anterior portion of the calcaneus and the long plantar ligament
I: tendons of the flexor digitorum longus m.
A: assists the flexor digitorum longus in flexing the toes
N: lateral plantar nerve
rectus femoris
O: straight head-ant inf iliac spine. Reflected head-above the superior rim of the acetabulum
I: patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar lig)
A: knee ext, hip flex
N: femoral nerve
quadriceps femoris
O: ant surface of the femur and ant side of the medial and lateral intermuscular septa
I: tibial tuberosity via the patellar lig
A: knee ext
N: femoral nerve
semimembranosus
O: upper, outer surface of the ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of the tibia
A: hip ext, knee flex
N: tibial nerve
semitendinosus
O: lower, medial surface of ischial tuberosity (common tendon with biceps femoris m.)
I: medial surface of tibia (via pes anserinus)
A: hip ext, knee flex
N: tibial nerve
soleus
O: posterior surface of head and upper shaft of the fibula, soleal line of the tibia
I: dorsum of the calcaneus via the achilles tendon
A: PF
N: tibial nerve
superior gemellus
O: ischial spine
I: obturator internus tendon
A: laterally rotates the femur
N: nerve to the obturator internus m.
tensor fasciae latae
O: anterior part of iliac crest, ant sup iliac spine
I: iliotibial tract
A: hip flex, abd, IR
N: superior gluteal nerve
tibialis anterior
O: lateral tibial condyle and upper lateral surface of the tibia
I: medial surface of the medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsal
A: DF + inv
N: deep peroneal nerve
tibialis posterior
O: interosseous membrane, posteromedial surface of the fibula, posterolateral surface of the tibia
I: tuberosity of the navicular and medial cuneiform, metatarsals 2-4
A: PF + inv
N: tibial nerve
vastus intermedius
O: anterior and lateral surface of the femur
I: patella
A: knee ext
N: femoral nerve
vastus lateralis
O: lateral intermuscular septum, lateral lip of the linea aspera and the gluteal tuberosity
I: patella and medial patellar retinaculum
A: knee ext
N: femoral nerve
vastus medialis
O: medial intermuscular septum, medial lip of the linea aspera
I: patella and medial patellar retinaculum
A: knee ext
N: femoral nerve
