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Anatomy Review > Lower extremity Muscles > Flashcards

Lower extremity Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of iliopsoas

A

iliacus

psoas

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2
Q

Iliacus

A

O: iliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrum

I: lesser trochanter of the femur

A: flexes the thigh (if thigh fixed, it flexes the pelvus)

N: femoral nerve

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3
Q

psoas major

A

O: bodies and transverse proceses of lumbar vertebrae

I: lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon

A: flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the Lspine vertebral column

N: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4

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4
Q

psoas minor

A

O: bodies of the T12 and L1 vertebrae

I: iliopectineal arch

A: flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column

N: branches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2

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5
Q

abductor digiti minimi (foot)

A

O: medial and lateral sides of the tuberosity of the calcaneus

I: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

A: abducts the 5th toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal jt

N: lateral plantar nerve

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6
Q

abductor hallucis

A

O: medial side of the tuberosity of calcaneus

I: medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe (hallux)

A: abducts the great toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal jt

N: medial plantar nerve

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7
Q

adductor brevis

A

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: pectineal line and linea aspera

A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur

N: anterior division of the obturator nerve

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8
Q

adductor hallucis

A

O: oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse head: heads of metatarsals 3-5

I: lateral side of base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

A: adducts the great toe (moves it toward midline of the foot; ie toward the 2nd digit)

N: deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

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9
Q

adductor longus

A

O: medial portion of the superior pubic ramus

I: linea aspera of the femur

A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur

N: anterior division of the obturator nerve

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10
Q

adductor magnus

A

O: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

I: linea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur

A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischocondylar part)

N: posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischocondylar part)

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11
Q

adductor minimus

A

O: lower portion of the inferior pubic ramus

I: gluteal ridge and upper part of the linea aspera of the femur

A: adducts and laterally rotates the femur

N: posterior division of the obturator nerve

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12
Q

articularis genu

A

O: anterior surface of the femur above the patellar surface

I: articular capsule of the knee

A: elevates the articular capsule of the knee joint

N: femoral nerve

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13
Q

biceps femoris

A

O: long head-ischial tuberosity; short head-lateral lip of the linea aspera

I: head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia

A: extends the thigh, flexes the leg

N: long head-tibial nerve; short head-common fibular (peroneal) nerve

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14
Q

dorsal interosseous (foot)

A

O: shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones

I: bases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) and digits 3 and 4 (lateral side)

A: abducts digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline; flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal jts of those digits

N: deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

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15
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

A

O: superolateral surface of the calcaneus

I: extensor expansion of toes 1-4

A: extends toes 1-4

N: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

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16
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

O: lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior surface of the fibula, lateral portion of the interosseus membrane

I: dorsum of the lateral 4 toes via extensor expansions (central slip inserts on base of middle phalanx, lateral slips on base of distal phalanx)

A: extends the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal jts of the lateral 4 toes

N: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

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17
Q

extensor hallucis brevis

A

O: superolateral surface of the calcaneus

I: dorsum of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe

A: extends the great toe

N: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

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18
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

O: middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane

I: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

A: extends the metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal jts of the great toe

N: deep peroneal nerve

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19
Q

Peroneus brevis

A

O: lower 1/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula

I: tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal

A: PF + ever

N: superficial peroneal nerve

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20
Q

Peroneus longus

A

O: upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula

I: after crossing the plantar surface of the foot deep to the intrinsic muscles, it inserts on the medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st metatarsal bone.

A: PF + ever

N: superficial peroneal nerve

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21
Q

Peroneus tertius

A

O: distal part of the ant surface of the fibula

I: dorsum of the 5th metatarsal bone

A: everts the foot

N: deep peroneal nerve

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22
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

O: base of the 5th metatarsal bone

I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

A: flexes the metatarsophalangeal jt of the 5th digit

N: lateral plantar nerve

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23
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

O: tuberosity of the calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septae

I: base of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 after splitting to allow passage of the flexor digitorum longus tendons

A: flexes the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal jts of digits 2-5

N: medial plantar nerve

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24
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

O: middle half of the posterior surface of the tibia

I: bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5

A: flexes the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal jts of digits 2-5; PF.

N: tibial nerve

25
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

O: cuboid, lateral cuneiform,

I: medial belly - medial side of proximal phalanx of great toe; lateral belly - lateral side

A: flexes the MTP jt of the great toe

N: medial plantar nerve

26
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

O: lower 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula

I: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

A: flexes the MTP and proximal interphalangeal jts of the great toe; PF

N: tibial nerve

27
Q

gastrocnemius

A

O: medial head: above the medial femoral condyle. Lateral head: above the lateral femoral condyle

I: dorsum of the calcaneus via the achilles tendon

A: knee flex; PF foot

N: tibial nerve

28
Q

gemellus (inferior)

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: obturator internus tendon

A: laterally rotates the femur

N: nerve to the quadratus femoris m.

29
Q

gemellus (superior)

A

O: ischial spine

I: obturator internus tendon

A: laterally rotates the femur

N: nerve to the obturator internus m.

30
Q

gluteus maximus

A

O: posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

I: upper fibres - iliotibial tract. Lower fibres - gluteal tuberosity of the femur

A: hip ext + ER

N: inferior gluteal nerve

31
Q

gluteus medius

A

O: external surface of the ilium between the post and ant gluteal lines

I: greater trochanter of femur

A: hip abd + IR

N: superior gluteal nerve

32
Q

gluteus minimus

A

O: external surface of the ilium between ant and inf gluteal lines

I: greater trochanter of the femur

A: hip abd + IR

N: superior gluteal nerve

33
Q

gracilis

A

O: pubic symphysis and inferior pubic ramus

I: medial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus)

A: hip add, hip flex, hip IR, knee flex

N: ant. division of the obturator nerve

34
Q

iliopsoas

A

O: iliac fossa; bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

I: lesser trochanter of the femur

A: hip flex, flex and lateral bend of lumbar vertebral column

N: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4; branches of the femoral nerve

35
Q

inferior gamellus

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: obturator internus tendon

A: laterally rotates the femur

N: nerve to the quadratus femoris m.

36
Q

interosseous, dorsal

A

O: shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones

I: basses of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) and digits 3 and 4 (lateral side

A: abducts digits 2-4; flex the MTP jts, extend the IP jts of those digits

N: deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

37
Q

interosseous, plantar

A

O: base and medial side of metatarsals 3-5

I: bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5

A: adducts digits 3-5; flex the MCP and extend IP jts of digits 3-5

N: deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

38
Q

Lumbricals (foot)

A

O: tendons of the flexor digitorum longus

I: medial side of the extensor expansion of digits 2-5

A: flex the MTP jt, extend the proximal IP and distal IP jts of digits 2-5

N: medial (1st) lumbrical - medial plantar nerve. Lateral 3 lumbricals - lateral plantar nerve

39
Q

obturator externus

A

O: the external surface of the obturator membrane and the superior and iferior pubic rami

I: trochanteric fossa of the femur

A: hip ER

N: obturator nerve

40
Q

obturator internus

A

O: the internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen

I: greater trochanter on its medial surface above the trochanteric fossa

A: hip ER, hip abd

N: nerve to the obturator internus m.

41
Q

pectineus

A

O: pectin of the pubis

I: pectineal line of the femur

A: hip add, flex, IR

N: femoral nerve

42
Q

piriformis

A

O: anterior surface of sacrum

I: upper border of greater trochanter of femur

A: hip ER, abd

N: ventral rami of S1-S2

43
Q

plantaris

A

O: above the lateral femoral condyle (above the lateral head of gastroc)

I: dorsum of the calcaneus medial to the calcaneal tendon

A: knee flex, PF

N: tibial nerve

44
Q

popliteus

A

O: lateral condyle of the femur

I: posterior surface of the tibia above the soleal line

A: knee flex, IR tibia, foot planted = hip ER

N: tibial nerve

45
Q

quadratus femoris

A

O: lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

I: quadrate line of the femur below the intertrochanteric crest

A: hip ER

N: nerve to the quadratus femoris m.

46
Q

quadratus plantae

A

O: anterior portion of the calcaneus and the long plantar ligament

I: tendons of the flexor digitorum longus m.

A: assists the flexor digitorum longus in flexing the toes

N: lateral plantar nerve

47
Q

rectus femoris

A

O: straight head-ant inf iliac spine. Reflected head-above the superior rim of the acetabulum

I: patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar lig)

A: knee ext, hip flex

N: femoral nerve

48
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

O: ant surface of the femur and ant side of the medial and lateral intermuscular septa

I: tibial tuberosity via the patellar lig

A: knee ext

N: femoral nerve

49
Q

semimembranosus

A

O: upper, outer surface of the ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of the tibia

A: hip ext, knee flex

N: tibial nerve

50
Q

semitendinosus

A

O: lower, medial surface of ischial tuberosity (common tendon with biceps femoris m.)

I: medial surface of tibia (via pes anserinus)

A: hip ext, knee flex

N: tibial nerve

51
Q

soleus

A

O: posterior surface of head and upper shaft of the fibula, soleal line of the tibia

I: dorsum of the calcaneus via the achilles tendon

A: PF

N: tibial nerve

52
Q

superior gemellus

A

O: ischial spine

I: obturator internus tendon

A: laterally rotates the femur

N: nerve to the obturator internus m.

53
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

O: anterior part of iliac crest, ant sup iliac spine

I: iliotibial tract

A: hip flex, abd, IR

N: superior gluteal nerve

54
Q

tibialis anterior

A

O: lateral tibial condyle and upper lateral surface of the tibia

I: medial surface of the medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsal

A: DF + inv

N: deep peroneal nerve

55
Q

tibialis posterior

A

O: interosseous membrane, posteromedial surface of the fibula, posterolateral surface of the tibia

I: tuberosity of the navicular and medial cuneiform, metatarsals 2-4

A: PF + inv

N: tibial nerve

56
Q

vastus intermedius

A

O: anterior and lateral surface of the femur

I: patella

A: knee ext

N: femoral nerve

57
Q

vastus lateralis

A

O: lateral intermuscular septum, lateral lip of the linea aspera and the gluteal tuberosity

I: patella and medial patellar retinaculum

A: knee ext

N: femoral nerve

58
Q

vastus medialis

A

O: medial intermuscular septum, medial lip of the linea aspera

I: patella and medial patellar retinaculum

A: knee ext

N: femoral nerve

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