Head/Face Muscles Flashcards
3 parts of the orbicularis oculi
- palpebral part
- lacrimal part
- orbital part
Orbicularis oculi
O: medial orbital margin, the medial palpebral ligament, and the lacrimal bone.
I: into the skin around the margin of the orbit, and the superior and inferior tarsal plates
A: palpebral part - gently closes the eyelids. Lacrimal part - involved in the drainage of tears. Orbital part - tightly closes the eyelids
N: facial nerve (CN VII, temporal and zygomatic branches)
Corrugator supercilii is located ______ to the orbicularis oculi.
posterior
Corrugator supercilii
O: superciliary arch, running in a superolateral direction
I: into the skin of the eyebrow
A: acts to draw the eyebrows together, creating vertical wrinkles on the bridge of the nose
N: fascial nerve
Largest nasal muscle
nasalis
Nasalis 2 parts
transverse and alar
Nasalis
O: maxilla
I: transverse part attaches to an aponeurosis across the dorsum of the nose. The alar portion of the muscle attaches to the alar cartilage of the nasal skeleton
A: transverse - compresses the nares. Alar - opens the nares
N: fascial nerve
most superior of the nasal muscles
procerus
Procerus
O: nasal bone
I: lower medial forehead
A: pulls the eyebrows downward to produce transverse wrinkles over the nose
N: fascial nerve
Depressor septi nasi
O: maxilla (above the medial incisor tooth)
I: nasal septum
A: pulls the nose inferiorly, opening the nares
N: fascial nerve
orbicularis oris
O: maxilla and other muscles of the cheek
I: into the skin and mucous membranes of the lips
A: purses the lips
N: fascial nerve
buccinator
O: maxilla and mandible. Fibres run in a inferomedial direction.
I: blends with orbicularis oris and skin of lips
A: pulls the cheek inwards against the teeth, preventing accumulation of food in that area
N: fascial nerve
depressor anguli oris
O: oblique line of the mandible
I: angle of the mouth
A: pulls the corner of the mouth downward
N: marginal mandibular and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
depressor labii inferioris
O: anterior surface of the mandible
I: skin of the lower lip
A: depresses the lower lip
N: marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)
mentalis
O:
I:
A:
N:
risorius
O:
I:
A:
N:
zygomaticus major
O:
I:
A:
N:
zygomaticus minor
O:
I:
A:
N:
levator labii superioris
O:
I:
A:
N:
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
O:
I:
A:
N:
levator anguli oris
O:
I:
A:
N:
masseter
O: superficial part - maxillary process of zygomatic bone. Deep part - zygomatic arch of the temporal bone
I: both attach to the ramus of the mandible
A: elevates the mandible, closing the mouth
N: mandibular nerve
temporalis
O: temporal fossa
I: condenses into a tendon, inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible
A: elevates the mandible, closing the mouth. Retracts mandible, pulling the jaw posteriorly.
N: mandibular nerve
medial pterygoid
O: superficial head - maxillary tuberosity, pyramidal process of palatine bone. deep head - medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
I: ramus of the mandible near the angle of mandible
A: elevates the mandible, closing the mouth
N: mandibular nerve
lateral pterygoid
O: superior head - greater wing of the sphenoid. inferior head - lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
I: converge into a tendon, attaches to the neck of the mandible
A: bilat, protract the mandible. unilateral - side to side movement of the jaw (contraction on one side will cause lateral movement on the contralateral side, ex. contract left = move mandible to the right).
N: mandibular nerve
extrinsic muscles of tongue
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
- palatoglossus
intrinsic muscles of the tongue
only attach to other structures in the tongue.
- superior longitudinal
- inferior longitudinal
- transverse
- vertical
auricular
O: anterior - galea aponeurotica anterior to ear. superior- galea aponeurotica superior to ear. posterior - mastoid process
I: auricle
A: wiggle the ears
N: anterior and superior - temporal branches of fascial nerve (VII). Posterior - posterior auricular branch of fascial nerve (VII)
chondroglossus
O: medial nside of the lesser horn and body of the hyoid bone
I: ascends to blend with the intrinsic tongue musculature
A: pulls the sides of the tongue down
N: hypoglossal nerve (XII)
cilliary
O: meridional fibres- scleral spur. Circular fibres - encircle the ciliary process
I: meridonal fibres- ciliary process. Circular fibres- encircle the ciliary process
A: relaxes the suspensory ligament of the lens
N: parasymp fibres in the oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in the ciliary ganglion
digastric
O: anterior belly- digastric fossa of the mandible. Posterior belly - mastoid notch of the temporal bone
I: body of the hyoid via a fibrous loop over an intermediate tendon
A: elevates the hyoid bone, depresses the mandible
N: anterior belly - mylohyoid nerve, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V). posterior belly - fascial nerve (VII)
dilator pupillae
O: outer margin of iris
I: inner margin of iris
A: dilates the pupil
N: sympathetic fibres via short ciliary nerves, synapsing in superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
epicranius
O: frontalis - galea aponeurotica. occipitalis- superior nuchal line
I: frontalis - skin of the eyebrows. occipitalis - galea aponeurotica
A: elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
N: frontalis - temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII). occipitalis - posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve (VII).
frontalis
O: galea aponeurotica
I: skin of the eyebrow
A: elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
N: temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
genioglossus
O: mental spine on the inner aspect of the mental symphysis
I: fans out to insert into the tongue from the tip to the base
A: protrudes the tongue (inferior fibres). Depresses tongue (middle fibres)
N: hypoglossal nerve (XII)
