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Biomechanics Exam 1 > Upper extremity AKR > Flashcards

Upper extremity AKR Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal Plane Axis

A

AP Axis

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2
Q

Sagittal Plane Axis

A

Bilateral Axis

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3
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Longitudinal Axis

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4
Q

What are the 3 segments of the Upper Extremity from proximal to distal?

A

Arm Segment
Forearm
Hand

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5
Q

What is the shoulder segment called?

A

Shoulder Girdle

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6
Q

What are the 6 movements of the shoulder girdle (shoulder joint)?

A

Elevation/depression
Upward/downward rotation
Protraction/retraction

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7
Q

What are the 8 movements of the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion/extension
ABduction/ADduction
Internal/external rotation
Horizontal ABduction/ADduction

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8
Q

What are the 2 movements of the elbow joint?

A

Flexion/extension

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9
Q

What are the 2 movements of the forearm?

A

Pronation/supination

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10
Q

What are the 4 movements of the wrist?

A

Flexion/extension
Radial/ulnar flexion

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11
Q

What is scapulothoracic rhythm?

A

Shoulder girdle movements/scapula movements

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12
Q

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is ABduction, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

A

Upward rotation

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13
Q

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is ADduction, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

A

Downward rotation

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14
Q

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Flexion, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

A

Elevation/upward rotation

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15
Q

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Extension, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

A

Depression/downward rotation

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16
Q

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Internal Rotation, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

A

Protraction (ABduction)

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17
Q

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is External Rotation, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

A

Retraction (ADduction)

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18
Q

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Horizontal ABduction, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

A

Retraction (ADduction)

19
Q

If the primary movement of the shoulder joint is Horizontal ADduction, what is the secondary movement of the shoulder girdle?

A

Protraction (ABduction)

20
Q

What does scapulohumeral rhythm referring to?

A

Secondary shoulder girdle motion

21
Q

Concentric muscle contraction

A

Muscle force>External resistance
Shortening of muscle fibers

22
Q

Eccentric muscle contraction

A

Muscle force<External resistance
Lengthening of muscle fibers

23
Q

Isometric muscle contraction

A

Muscle force=External resistance
No change in length of muscle fibers

24
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle group ACTIVE at start of movement via concentric/eccentric contraction

25
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle group performing an action OPPOSITE of the agonist. Passively lengthening ot shortening

26
Q

Neutralizers

A

Muscles that cancel unwanted action from active agonist or antagonist

27
Q

Stabalizers

A

Muscles that assist with the stability of a joint

28
Q

What does it mean to have a uni-phasic muscle activation pattern?

A

Agonist is active during the concentric and eccentric motion (slow up/down)

29
Q

What does it mean to have a bi-phasic muscle activation pattern?

A

Horizontal motion/potential reactivation of agonist at end

30
Q

What does it mean to have a triphasic muscle activation pattern?

A

Fast/ballistic movement

31
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side as each other
(Left leg and left arm)

32
Q

Unilateral

A

Only one side of the body
(Single leg squat)

33
Q

Bilateral

A

Both sides of the body
(Regular squat)

34
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides of each other
(Right arm and left leg)

35
Q

Pure rotation

A

Axis does not move linearly

36
Q

Discrete task

A

Pauses in movement

37
Q

How are the agonist/antagonist affected when a movement is ballistic instead of discrete/uni-phasic?

A

The agonist in the “up phase” remains the same

The antagonist ends up becoming the agonist for the “down phase”

38
Q

General motion

A

Linear motion

39
Q

How many carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges does a hand have?

A

Carpals- 8
Metacarpals- 5
Phalanges- 14

40
Q

What plane and axis do shoulder girdle movement happen in?

A

Frontal plane
AP axis

41
Q

Write out the anatomical position for each upper extremity segment in the 3 planes

A

See screenshot in notes for answer

42
Q

If the agonist is moving concentrically, what is the length change for the antagonist?

43
Q

If the agonist is moving eccentrically, what is the length change for the antagonist?

44
Q

Review the muscles

A

See review key

Biomechanics Exam 1 (7 decks)

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