Lecture Quizes Flashcards
The shoulder joint is __________ to the elbow joint and the wrist is _________________ to the elbow joint
Distal; Proximal
Proximal; Distal
None of the above
Proximal; Distal
The right shoulder is _____________ to the left shoulder.
Ipsilateral
Unilateral
Bilateral
Contralateral
None of the above
Contralateral
Compared to a double-leg jump, a single-leg jump would be described as a _____________ activity.
Ipsilateral
Unilateral
Bilateral
Contralateral
None of the above
Unilateral
Another term for anterior:
Cranial
Caudal
Dorsal
Ventral
None of the above
Ventral
When anchored at a person’s center of mass our set of planes and axes is referred to as the __________ set.
Primary
Ordinal
Cardinal
Blue-Jay
None of the above
Cardinal
Order of joint type that provides the most to least movement:
Synovial; Amphiarthrodial; Synarthrodial
Synovial; Synarthrodial; Amphiarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial; Synovial; Synarthrodial
Synarthrodial; Synovial; Amphiarthrodial
None of the above
Synovial; Amphiarthrodial; Synarthrodial
Technically, a joint could have as many as ___________ degrees of freedom:
3
6
9
12
None of the above
6
Planar/Gliding joints are unique from the other synovial joint types because they are the only one with:
a) at least one degree of translational freedom
b) a variable number of degrees of freedom from one to another
Both (a) and (b)
None of the above
Both (a) and (b)
Joint type with two degrees of rotational freedom:
a) Condyloid/Elliptical
b) Sellar/Saddle
c) Pivot
Both (a) and (b)
All of the above
None of the above
Both (a) and (b)
When a joint has significant accessory/ancillary motion, such as the sliding and gliding that occurs in the knee and shoulder joint, these joints are said to have more degrees of freedom than their synovial joint type. The knee has more than one rotational degree of freedom and the shoulder has more than three degrees of rotational freedom.
True
False
False
In our class (and within the HES Department) we define an agonist muscle/group as one that shortens during a movement and an antagonist muscle/group as one that lengthens during a movement. It does not matter if the muscle/group is active at the beginning, just the length change that occurs.
True
False
False
Neutralizers and Stabilizers are within a broader category referred to as:
Protagonists
Observationalists
Synergists
Centrists
None of the above
Synergists
While the term ‘contraction’ implies shortening, this is not always the case when a muscle is active. It all depends on the external resistance. For example, if the external resistance is greater than that produced by the muscle it will actually lengthen while ‘contracting’.
True
False
True
If a segment rotates in the sagittal plane, the associated axis of rotation is the:
Bilateral Axis
Anterior-Posterior (AP) Axis
Longitudinal Axis
Depends on multiple factors as to what the axis of rotation will be
Bilateral Axis
The bones of the shoulder girdle are in the _____________ skeleton and is technically part of the ______________.
Axial; Axial Core
Axial; Upper Extremity
Appendicular; Axial Core
Appendicular; Upper Extremity
Appendicular; Upper Extremity
Bone of the forearm segment that articulates on the thumb side of the wrist and is primarily responsible for forearm pronation/supination:
Radius
Ulna
Radius is on the thumb side, but the ulna is primarily responsible for forearm motion
Ulna is on the thumb side, but the radius is primarily responsible for forearm motion
Radius
Slow controlled raising of a weight (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) is described as having ___________ muscle activation.
Uni-phasic
Bi-phasic
Tri-phasic
None of the above
Uni-phasic
Ballistically raising a weight (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) is described as having ___________ muscle activation.
Uni-phasic
Bi-phasic
Tri-phasic
Either bi-phasic or tri-phasic
None of the above
Either bi-phasic or tri-phasic
Moving a weight horizontally (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) with no assistance/resistance from gravity is described as having ___________ muscle activation.
Uni-phasic
Bi-phasic
Tri-phasic
Either bi-phasic or tri-phasic
None of the above
Either bi-phasic or tri-phasic
An active muscle responsible for the slow controlled raising of a weight (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) is described as having a/an ____________ contraction and is termed an ____________.
Concentric; antagonist
Eccentric; agonist
Eccentric; antagonist
None of the above
Concentric; antagonist
An active muscle responsible for the slow controlled lowering of a weight (body segment, barbell/dumbbell, or weight stack) is described as having a/an ____________ contraction and is termed an ____________.
Concentric; antagonist
Eccentric; agonist
Eccentric; antagonist
None of the above
Eccentric; agonist
The biceps brachii is multi-articular, crossing the shoulder, elbow, and forearm. As such if you activate the biceps to flex the elbow it will also attempt to flex the shoulder and supinate the forearm. Muscles activated to eliminate any unwanted motion at the shoulder and forearm associated with the biceps activation would be termed:
Agonists
Antagonists
Neutralizers
Stabilizers
Neutralizers
Muscle termed the ‘true elbow flexor’ because it is the only uniarticular muscle of the hinge component of the elbow joint. It originates on the humerus and inserts on the ulna.
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Brachialis
Pronator Teres
Brachialis
Term for the rotation at the elbow joint during our strict performance of biceps curl when there is no linear motion of the joint axis:
General
Circular
Pure
None of the above
Pure
During the up phase of our slow and controlled biceps curl the elbow ___________ muscle group is active and the elbow antagonistic muscle group is passively ____________.
Extensors; lengthening
Extensors; shortening
Flexors; lengthening
Flexors; shortening
Flexors; lengthening
At the start of the down phase of our ballistic biceps curl the elbow ___________ muscle group is active and the elbow antagonistic muscle group is passively ____________.
Extensors; lengthening
Extensors; shortening
Flexors; lengthening
Flexors; shortening
Extensors; lengthening
The motion of our upper extremity segments during our discussed prone barbell row occurs in which plane:
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
More than one
Transverse
Secondary motion of shoulder girdle that occurs during the down phase of our prone barbell row:
Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Protraction
In the anatomical position from a frontal plan perspective the wrist is in a ______________ position.
Extended
Hyperextended
Flexed
None of the above
None of the above
Each pelvic bone is in the axial skeleton. However, when a pelvis segment is defined it is considered to be in the lower extremity.
True
False
False
Bowlegs is clinically referred to as:
Genu varum
Genu valgum
Vargus valgum
Valgus varum
Genu varum
If we flex both hips simultaneously (the primary motion) we could expect to have some secondary posterior pelvic rotation.
True
False
True
When performing a lunge exercise with the left hip flexed and the right hip hyperextended (the primary motion) we might expect to observe some secondary:
Anterior PR
Posterior PR
Left lateral PR
Right lateral PR
None of the above
None of the above
Term for the simultaneous action of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during the down phase of our bodyweight squat exercise?
Triple flexion
Triple extension
Triple bending
Triple straightening
Triple flexion
At the start of the down phase of our bodyweight squat the ankles are in a ____________ position. At the end of the down phase our ankles are in a ____________ position.
Dorsiflexed; plantarflexed
Plantarflexed; dorsiflexed
Neutral; dorsiflexed
Plantarflexed; neutral
Neutral; dorsiflexed
During the down phase of the bodyweight squat the hip ____________ are the agonists performing a/an _____________ contraction. All bodyweight squat questions assume a slow/controlled down and up phase with a pause at the beginning, end, and between the up and down phases.
Flexors; concentric
Flexors; eccentric
Extensors; concentric
Extensors; eccentric
Extensors; eccentric
During the countermovement phase of the countermovement jump the hip ____________ are the agonists performing a _____________ contraction to start. All countermovement jump questions assume max effort with ballistic down and up phases. A pauses exists at the beginning of the countermovement phase, but not between the countermovement and propulsion phases.
Flexors; Concentric
Flexors; Eccentric
Extensors; Concentric
Extensors; Eccentric
None of the above
Flexors; Concentric
During the propulsion phase of the countermovement jump the hip ____________ are the agonists performing a _____________ contraction to start.
Flexors; Concentric
Flexors; Eccentric
Extensors; Concentric
Extensors; Eccentric
None of the above
Extensors; Concentric
During the countermovement phase of our countermovement jump we would expect _____________ muscle activation. During the propulsion phase of our countermovement jump we would expect _______________ muscle activation.
Uni-Phasic; Bi-Phasic, possibly Tri-Phasic
Bi-Phasic; Tri-Phasic
Tri-Phasic; Bi-Phasic
Bi-Phasic; Bi-Phasic
Tri-Phasic; Tri-Phasic
None of the above
Bi-Phasic; Tri-Phasic
We would expect the ___________ to be active at the start of the Propulsion Phase to a higher amount in a _____________ Jump compared to the other style of jump.
Triple Flexors; Squat Jump
Triple Flexors; Countermovement Jump
Triple Extensors; Squat Jump
Triple Extensors; Countermovement Jump
None of the above, since activation levels should be similar at the start of both Propulsion Phases
Triple Extensors; Countermovement Jump
Potential ways to describe the shoulder joint position during our bodyweight squat with the arms folded across each other as depicted in the lecture slides.
Extended and Horizontally Flexed/Adducted
Extended and Horizontally Extended/Abducted
Flexed and Horizontally Flexed/Adducted
Flexed and Horizontally Extended/Abducted
Flexed and Horizontally Flexed/Adducted
From a sagittal plane perspective we would expect to have 2 primary curves and 2 secondary curves in the adult spine.
True
False
True
When not defined as individual segments the Trunk and Abdomen become part of the larger Thorax segment.
True
False
False
If you had to categorize it, time is typically considered a _______________ variable.
Kinematic
Kinetic
It is considered to be both a Kinematic and Kinetic variable
It is neither a Kinematic nor a Kinetic variable
Kinematic
Within typical/realistic changes (+/- 10%) for all of our numeric relationships (linear and both non-linear types) when qualitatively evaluating an equation we can treat them all as linear relationships.
True
False
False
Curvilinear whole body motion is technically angular motion since the object does change orientation while it translates.
True
False
False
The typical Cartesian reference frame that we use with x positive to the right and y positive vertically has a z axis that is positive _______________ and positive angular orientations that are _____________ from the positive x axis.
Into the board; Clockwise
Into the board; Counterclockwise
Out of the board; Clockwise
Out of the board; Counterclockwise
None of the above
Out of the board; Counterclockwise
The center of mass of your object is located at (-1.0 m, -2.0 m) with a velocity of (5.0 m/s, 3.0 m/s) in our standard Cartesian Reference System. The velocity vector would be described as being in the ______________ quadrant.
First
Second
Third
Fourth
First
An object that moves during a period of time but begins and ends in the same position, such as our barbell after a complete repetition of a biceps curl, would have both zero vertical displacement and an average vertical velocity of zero. (The instantaneous vertical velocity at the beginning and end are also zero.)
True
False
True
An object that moves during a period of time but begins and ends in the same position, such as our barbell from the middle of the up phase to the middle of the down phase during our repetition of the biceps curl with pure rotation about the elbow, would have both zero vertical displacement and an average vertical velocity of zero. (The instantaneous vertical velocity at the beginning and end of this region are not zero instead being equal in magnitude but opposite in direction: positive during the up phase and negative during the down phase.)
True
False
True
Instantaneous Linear Velocity is the slope of Linear Position vs Time. In Calculus we would refer to this relationship as velocity being the integral of position.
True
False
False
An object starts and ends with zero horizontal velocity but moves in the positive horizontal direction in between such as the first half of the up phase or first half of the down phase of our biceps curl. The horizontal velocity vs time profile will resemble a hill indicating that the object first needs to speed up and then needs to slow back down.
True
False
True
An object begins with zero velocity, is moved vertically upward and then brought to rest (final velocity is zero), similar to the up phase of our biceps curl. Assuming up is the positive vertical direction, both the average vertical velocity during the first half of the up phase and the average vertical velocity over the entire up phase will be zero.
True
False
False
For our biceps curl, if we combined the horizontal and vertical instantaneous velocities at the halfway point of the up phase when the forearm and hand is horizontally oriented at the apex of the curve traced out by the path of the barbell, the resultant velocity vector at this time would point:
Vertically upward (+)
Vertically downward (-)
Horizontally to the right (+)
Horizontally to the left (-)
None of the above, since it would have non-zero components in both the vertical and horizontal directions
Vertically upward (+)
Vertically upward (+)
When velocity changes sign, such as going from positive to negative, that would indicate that it changed from traveling in the positive direction to traveling in the negative direction.
True
False
True
Someone reports the average speed, this could be:
a) the magnitude of the average velocity
b) the distance traveled/time
Either (a) or (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)
Either (a) or (b)
