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Anatomy and Histology > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Shape of the axilla

A

Pyramidal

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2
Q

Anterior / Pectoral boundary of the axillay is composed of (3):

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius

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3
Q

The subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, and teres major are boundaries of the axilla on this side

A

Posterior / Scapular

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4
Q

Ribs that form the medial boundary of the axilla

A

2nd to 6th rib

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5
Q

Muscles on the medial / costal boundary of the axilla

A

Intercostal muscles

Serratus anterior

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6
Q

Lateral boundary of the axilla (4):

A

Humerus
Long head of the biceps brachii
Short head of the biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis

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7
Q

Three bones that comprise the apex of the axilla

A

Clavicle (anterior)
Scapula (posterior)
First rib (medial)

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8
Q

The axillary vein, axillary artery, and the brachial plexus are enclosed by

A

Axillary fascia

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9
Q

The axillay fascia is the lateral extension of this structure

A

Prevertebral fascia

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10
Q

The rotator cuff is weakest on this side

A

Inferior

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11
Q

Four tendons that form the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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12
Q

Forms the posterior part of the rotator cuff (2)

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

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13
Q

Main abductor of the shoulder

A

Deltoid

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14
Q

The axillary nerve innervates these two intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Teres minor

Deltoid

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15
Q

Lateral rotators of the shoulder

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

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16
Q

The suprascapular nerve innervates these two rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

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17
Q

This muscle initiates abduction of the shoulder

A

Supraspinatus

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18
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Upper subscapular nerve

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19
Q

Innervation of teres major

A

Lower subscapular

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20
Q

Most common dislocation of the shoulder

A

Anterior inferior

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21
Q

Rotator cuff tendon that is most frequently torn / inflamed

A

Supraspinatus

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22
Q

Boundaries of the quadrangular space

A

Superior: Teres minor
Inferior: Teres major
Medial: Long head of triceps brachii
Lateral: Surgical neck of the humerus

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23
Q

The quadrangular space contains (2)

A

Axillary nerve

Posterior circumflex humeral vessels

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24
Q

The posterior circumflex humeral artery is a branch of:

A

Third part of the axillary artery

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25
Q

Boundaries of the triangular space

A

Superior: Teres minor
Inferior: Teres major
Lateral: Long head of the triceps brachii

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26
Q

The triangular space contains the:

A

Circumflex scapular vessels

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27
Q

The anterior compartment of the arm are is innervated by the:

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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28
Q

Action of corachobrachialis

A

Adducts and flexes arm

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29
Q

Main flexor of the forearm

A

Brachialis

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30
Q

Main supinator of the forearm

A

Biceps brachii

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31
Q

Innervation of triceps brachii

A

Radial nerve

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32
Q

Inability to supinate the forearm could result from injury to these nerves (2)

A

Musculocutaenous and radial nerves

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33
Q

Superficial flexor of the forearm that is innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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34
Q

The common flexor tendon of the forearm originates at:

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

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35
Q

The extensors of the forearm are all innervated by:

A

Radial nerve

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36
Q

Lateral epicondylitis is also known as

A

Tennis elbow

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37
Q

Repetitive flexion and pronation of the elbow can result in

A

Medial epicondylitis / Golfer’s elbow

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38
Q

Four contents of the cubital fossa, from medial to lateral

A

Median nerve
Brachial artery
Biceps brachii tendon
Radial nerve

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39
Q

These two muscles form the floor of the cubital fossa

A

Brachialis

Supinator

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40
Q

Pronator teres is a boundary of the cubital fossa on this aspect

A

Medial

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41
Q

Three thenar muscles

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

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42
Q

Intrinsic hand muscles that abduct the fingers

A

Dorsal interossei

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43
Q

How many palmar interossei are there in one hand?

A

3

44
Q

Innervation of lumbricales

A

Ulnar and median nerve

45
Q

Innervation of interossei

A

Ulnar nerve

46
Q

These intrinsic hand muscles flex the metacarpophalangeal joints

A

Lumbricales

47
Q

Innervates the medial side of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

Ulnar nerve

48
Q

Muscles that flex the proximal interphalangeal joints

A

Flexor digitorum superificialis

49
Q

The anterior division of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus extends as this cord

A

Medial cord

50
Q

Terminal branch of the brachial plexus that is formed by the lateral and medial cord

A

Median nerve

51
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve innervates this muscle

A

Rhomboids

52
Q

Tendon reflexes in the upper extremity and the main spinal roots being tested (3 pairs)

A

C5: Biceps brachii
C6: Brachioradialis
C7: Triceps

53
Q

Waiter’s tip position of the arms is a physical finding of this syndrome.

A

Erb-Duchenne’s syndrome

54
Q

Klumpke’s paralysis results from the compression of the ventral rami of these spinal roots

A

C8 and T1

55
Q

Lesions of the ventral rami of C5 and C6, such as in Erb-Duchenne’s syndrome, affect the sensation on this aspect of the upper extremity

A

Lateral arm and forearm

Thumb and index finger

56
Q

Weakness of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, as in Klumpke’s palsy, produce these physical findings

A

Ape hand

Claw hand

57
Q

Winged scapula is a physical finding when this nerve is injured

A

Long thoracic nerve

58
Q

Patients with long thoracic nerve lesions have difficulty in (2)

A

Protracting the scapula

Raising the arm above the head

59
Q

Innervation of the latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

60
Q

A fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus commonly affects this nerve

A

Axillary nerve

61
Q

Spiral fractures of the humeral midshaft results in the inability to

A

Extend the wrist (“wrist-drop”)

62
Q

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus can transect this nerve

A

Median nerve

63
Q

“Papal benediction” is a finding in a proximal lesion of

A

Median nerve

64
Q

Anterior boundary of the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor retinaculum / Transverse carpal ligament

65
Q

Aside from the median nerve and the eight tendons of the flexor digitorum muscles, the carpal tunnel contains the tendon of:

A

Flexor pollicis longus

66
Q

One would suspect a lesion in this nerve in a patient who has difficulty in flexing the wrist

A

Ulnar nerve

67
Q

Distal lesions of the median and ulnar nerves can present as these characteristic findings that are also found in Klumpke’s palsy

A

Ape hand and claw hand, respectively

68
Q

This muscle divides the axillary artery into three parts

A

Pectoralis minor

69
Q

This artery supplies the first two intercostal spaces

A

Superior thoracic artery

70
Q

The brachial artery branches into the radial and ulnar arteries at the level of the:

A

Radial neck

71
Q

This vein ascends the lateral side of the biceps brachii

A

Cephalic vein

72
Q

This vein connects the cephalic and brachial veins

A

Median cubital vein

73
Q

The first bone of begin ossification during fetal development and the last one to complete ossification at around 21 years of age

A

Clavicle

74
Q

Flattened part of the clavicle

A

Lateral 1/3

75
Q

This muscle pulls the medial part of the clavicle upward

A

Sternocleidomastoid

76
Q

The ulnar nerve is commonly injured when this part of the humerus sustains a fracture

A

Medial epicondyle

77
Q

The deltoid and pectoralis major pulls the lateral side of the clavicle in this direction

A

Inferior

78
Q

Fall on an outstretched hand produces this type of distal radial fracture

A

Colles fracture / Silver fork deformity

79
Q

In Smith’s fracture, the hand is displaced in this direction

A

Anteriorly

80
Q

What artery can be palpated on the anatomical snuff box?

A

Radial artery

81
Q

Wrist bone that forms the floor of the snuff box

A

Scaphoid

82
Q

Tendons that form the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box

A

Lateral: Tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
Medial: Tendon of extensor pollicis longus

83
Q

Most commonly fractured bone in the wrist

A

Scaphoid

84
Q

Total number of carpal bones in the body

A

16

85
Q

Most commonly dislocated carpal bone

A

Lunate

86
Q

In this physical finding, the ring and little fingers are flexed at the proximal interphalangeal joints due to localized thickening of the palmar aponeurosis

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

87
Q

A fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone that results from forceful abduction of the thumb

A

Bennet’s fracture

88
Q

Oblique fracture of the necks of the fourth or fifth metacarpals, displacing the distal segments posteriorly

A

Boxer’s fracture

89
Q

Dermatome at the back of the head

A

C2

90
Q

Dermatome at the tip of shoulder

A

C5

91
Q

Dermatome at the thumb

A

C6

92
Q

Dermatome at the middle finger

A

C7

93
Q

Dermatome at the little finger

A

C8

94
Q

T4 dermatome is at the level of the

A

Nipples

95
Q

Landmark used to locate T10 dermatome

A

Umbilicus

96
Q

Dermatome at the inguinal area

A

L1

97
Q

L4 dermatome covers the:

A

Knee and medial leg

98
Q

Dermatome at lateral leg and big toe

A

L5

99
Q

Dermatome at the perineum

A

S5

100
Q

Dermatome at the small toe

A

S1

101
Q

Three components of the group I nodes of the axilla

A

Anterior / Pectoral lymph nodes
Posterior / Scapular lymph nodes
Lateral / Humeral lymph nodes

102
Q

Apical lymph nodes on the left drain into the

A

Thoracic duct

103
Q

Also known as group II lymph nodes of the axilla

A

Central lymph nodes

104
Q

The axillary nerve is a branch of which brachial plexus cord

A

Posterior cord

105
Q

Two terminal branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

Axillary nerve

Radial nerve

106
Q

The suprascapular nerve is a branch of this brachial plexus trunk

A

Superior trunk

Anatomy and Histology (9 decks)

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