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Anatomy and Histology > Thorax, Mediastinum, and Heart > Flashcards

Thorax, Mediastinum, and Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral level of manubrium

A

T4

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2
Q

Rib that attaches to the sternal angle

A

2nd rib

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3
Q

Vertebral level of sternal angle

A

T4-T5

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4
Q

Vertebral level of xiphoid process

A

T9

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5
Q

The body of T4 articulates with (ribs)

A

Head of the 4th and 5th ribs

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6
Q

Floating ribs

A

11th and 12th ribs

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7
Q

Landmark muscle that attaches to 1st rib

A

Scalenus anterior

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8
Q

Weakest point of the rib

A

Anterior to the angle

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9
Q

Most commonly fractured ribs

A

7th-10th ribs

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10
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by pressure on this nervous structure

A

Lower trunk of brachial plexus

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11
Q

During expiration, what thoracic diameters are decreased?

A

All: Anteroposterior, Transverse, Vertical

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12
Q

During inspiration, the sternum moves in this direction.

A

Superior

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13
Q

Intercostal muscles that elevate the ribs

A

External intercostals

Innermost intercostals

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14
Q

Three muscles that depress the ribs

A

Serratus posterior inferior
Internal intercostal
Transversus thoracis

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15
Q

Anatomical landmarks that divide the mediastinum into superior and inferior halves

A

Sternal angle of Louie

Intervertebral disk between T4 and T5

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16
Q

Part of the aorta in the superior mediastinum

A

Arch of the aorta

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17
Q

Vertebral levels spanned by the descending aorta

A

T5-T12

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18
Q

Structure that divides the inferior mediastinum into three

A

Heart

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19
Q

The thymus gland is commonly located in these parts of the mediastinum

A

Superior and anterior mediastinum

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20
Q

Part of the aorta that is located in the middle mediastinum

A

Ascending aorta

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21
Q

These three structures are located in the superior and posterior mediastinum

A

Esophagus
Vagus nerve
Thoracic duct

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22
Q

The inferior vena cave enters the thorax at this vertebral level

A

T8

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23
Q

The visceral pericardium is also known as

A

Epicardium

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24
Q

Normal pericardial fluid volume

A

30 mL

25
Q

Pericardial fluid is enclosed between

A

Parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium

26
Q

Typical site of entry for pericardiocentesis

A

Left xiphocostal angle, 5th or 6th intercostal space

27
Q

Normal weight of the heart

A

Male: 280-340 g
Female: 230-280

28
Q

Forms the sternocostal surface of the heart

A

Right ventricle

29
Q

Forms the base of the heart

A

Left atrium

30
Q

Auscultatory level for aortic valve

A

2nd intercostal space, right parasternal line

31
Q

The first heart sounds signify the closure of these valves

A

Mitral and tricuspid valves

32
Q

The blood supply of the heart are branches of

A

Ascending aorta

33
Q

The anterior cardiac vein drains into the

A

Right atrium

34
Q

The left circumflex coronary artery supplies the:

A

Left atrium and vetricle

35
Q

The right ventricle is supplied by these arteries

A

Anterior interventricular artery

Marginal branch of the right coronary artery

36
Q

Two branches of the left coronary artery

A

Anterior interventricular artery

Left circumflex artery

37
Q

Most common coronary artery that is occluded in acute myocardial infarction

A

Anterior interventricular artery

38
Q

In angina pectoris, pain is commonly referred to these dermatomes

A

T1-T5

39
Q

ECG chest lead placed at the 5th ICS anterior axillary line

A

V5

40
Q

The fossa ovalis is located in the

A

Right atrium

41
Q

The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the

A

Foramen ovale

42
Q

The moderator band is located within

A

Right ventricle

43
Q

Most posterior of the four heart chambers

A

Left atrium

44
Q

The left horn of the sinus venosus will form the

A

Coronary sinus

45
Q

The right atrium is derived from this primitive heart chamber

A

Sinus venosus, right horn

46
Q

Truncus arteriosus results from the failure of normal development of these structures

A

Truncal ridges

Aorticopulmonary septum

47
Q

Components of the tetralogy of Fallot

A

Overriding aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defect

48
Q

Fate of the umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

49
Q

Ligamentum teres is formed by the obliteration of

A

Left umbilical vein

50
Q

The ductus arteriosus is derived from this aortic arch

A

Left 6th aortic arch

51
Q

The right 4th aortic arch forms the

A

Proximal part of the right subclavian artery

52
Q

The first aortic arch degenerates except for the

A

Maxillary arteries

53
Q

The blood supply of the stapes, stapedial arteries, are derived from this aortic arch

A

2nd aortic arch

54
Q

The left 4th aortic arch forms the

A

Arch of the aorta

55
Q

The common and internal carotid arteries are derivatives of this aortic arch

A

3rd aortic arch

56
Q

The left circumflex coronary artery supplies the:

A

Posterior walls of the left ventricle

57
Q

Fate of the bulbus cordis

A

Right ventricle

58
Q

The primitive atrium and ventricle develops into

A

Left atrium and ventricle

Anatomy and Histology (9 decks)

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