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anatomy > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Deltoid Anterior

A

P: later 1/3 of clavicle
D: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
I: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: flexes & medially rotates arm, horizontal adduction, abduction of arm

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2
Q

Deltoid Middle

A

P: acromion
D: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
I: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: abducts arm

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3
Q

Deltoid Posterior

A

P: scapular spine
D: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
I: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: extends & laterally rotates arm, horizontal abduction, abduction of arm

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4
Q

Supraspinatus

A

P: supraspinous fossa of scapula
D: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
I: suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
A: maintains humeral head in glenoid fossa, abduction of shoulder (initiates abduction)

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5
Q

Infraspinatus

A

P: infraspinous fossa of scapula
D: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
I: suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
A: maintains humeral head in glenoid fossa, laterally rotates arm

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6
Q

Teres Minor

A

P: middle part of later border of scapula
D: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
I: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: maintains humeral head in glenoid fossa, laterally rotates arm

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7
Q

Teres Major

A

P: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
D: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
I: lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
A: medially rotates arm, adducts arm, extends arm from a flexed position

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8
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

P: clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
sternocostal head: sternum (anterior surface to rib 6), Ribs 2-7 (costal cartilage), aponeurosis of external oblique
D: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus (crest of greater tubercle)
I: clavicular head: lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7); sternocostal head: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C6-T1)
A: whole muscle: adducts and medially rotates humerus, elevation of sternum in forced inspiration (accessory muscle of respiration)
clavicular head: horizontal shoulder adduction, flexion and medial rotation
sternocostal head: horizontal shoulder adduction (obliquely), shoulder extension

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9
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

P: 3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages
D: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process
I: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
A: scapular protraction/abduction (“anterior tilt”), elevation of ribs in forced inspiration with scapula fixed by levator scapulae

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10
Q

Subclavius

A

P: junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
D: inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
I: nerve to subclavius (C5-C6)
A: depresses and moves clavicle forward (provides protection for nerves, veins, and arteries); Assists shoulder depression

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11
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

P: external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs
D: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
I: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
A: scapular abduction, scapular upward rotation, keeps medial border of scapula drawn anteriorly close to thoracic wall (prevents winging)

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12
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

A

I: sternal head - anterior surface of sternum; clavicular head - superior surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle
S: mastoid process, lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line
I: spinal root of accessory nerve and branches of C2 & C3
A: laterally flexes neck to same side and rotates head (so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side) (unilaterally), flex neck (like lift head from pillow), capital extension, raise sternum in forced respiration (bilaterally)

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13
Q

Middle Scalene

A

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C7 and at time the atlas
I: superior surface of 1st rib
I: ventral rami of C3-C8
A: lateral bending of cervicel spine to same side, cervical rotation to opposite side, elevates rib during forced inspiration

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14
Q

Posterior Scalene

A

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C6
I: external border 2nd rib
I: ventral rami of C6-C8
A: elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration, cervical spine rotation to opposite side, lateral bending of cervical spine to same side (accessory)

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15
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

O: anterior tubercle of transverse process of C3-C6
I: scalene tubercle & upper surface rib 1
I: ventral rami C4-C6
A: elevate 1st rib, may act in reverse to lateral bend the neck to same side, rotation of cervical spine to opposite side, bilaterally flex cervical spine

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16
Q

Subscapularis

A

P: subscapular fossa
D: lesser tubercle of humerus
I: upper & lower subscapular nerve (C5, 6)
A: medially rotates arm, adducts arm, maintains humeral head in glenoid fossa

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17
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

P: short head: tip of coracoid process; long head: supraglendoid tubercle of scapula, through capsule of glenohumeral joint and labrum
D: tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
I: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
A: supinates forearm and when is supine, flexes forearm, assists with shoulder flexion, stabilization of GH joint

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18
Q

Brachialis

A

P: distal 1/2 anterior surface of humerus
D: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
I: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6); radial nerve (C7) (to small area on lateral part of muscle
A: flexes forearm in all positions

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19
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

P: tip of coracoid process
D: middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus
I: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
A: flexion and adduction of arm

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20
Q

Triceps Brachii (long head)

A

P: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
D: proximal end of olecranon of ulna, capsule of elbow joint & antebrachial fascia
I: radial nerve (C6-C8)
A: extension of elbow, extension and adduction of shoulder

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21
Q

Triceps Brachii (lateral head)

A

P: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove and lateral intermuscular septum
D: proximal end of olecranon of ulna, capsule of elbow joint & antebrachial fascia
I: radial nerve (C6-C8)
A: extension of elbow

22
Q

Triceps Brachii (medial head)

A

P: posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove, medial and lateral intermuscular septa
D: proximal end of olecranon of ulna, capsule of elbow joint & antebrachial fascia
I: radial nerve (C6-C8)
A: extension of elbow

23
Q

Aconeus

A

P: lateral epicondyle of humerus and capsule of elbow joint
D: lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna
I: radial nerve (C6-C8)
A: assists triceps with elbow extension

24
Q

Pronator Teres

A

P: humeral head: shaft proximal to medial epicondyle and common flexor tendon; ulnar head: coronoid process
D: lateral surface of middle shaft of radius
I: median nerve (C6-C7)
A: pronation of forearm, assists with elbow flexion

25
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

P: medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor tendon
D: bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
I: median nerve (C6-C7)
A: flexion and radial deviation (abduction) of wrist, assists elbow flexion and forearm pronation

26
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

P: medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor tendon
D: flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis
I: median nerve (C7-C8)
A: tenses palmar fascia, wrist flexion

27
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

P: humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor tendon; ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna via aponeurosis
D: pisiform, hook of hamat & 5th metacarpal
I: ulnar nerve (C7-T1)
A: flexion and ulnar deviation (adduction) of wrist, assists elbow flexion

28
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

P: humeral-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor tendon, ulnar collateral ligament, medial side of coronoid process; radial head: oblique line on anterior surface of radial shaft
D: shafts (bodies) of middle phalanges of medial four fingers
I: median nerve (C8, T1)
A: flexion of PIP joints of digits 2-5, assists with flexion of MCP joints of digits 2-5 and wrist flexion

29
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

P: upper 3/4 of anterior and medial surfaces of ulnar, coronoid process via aponeurosis
D: bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
I: digits 2-3: median nerve (anterior interosseous n.) (C8-T1); digits 4-5: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
A: flexion of DIP joints of digits 2-5 and assists with flexion of MCP and PIP joints of digits 2-5 and wrist flexion

30
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

P: anterior surface of middle of shaft of radius, interosseous membrane
D: base of distal phalanx of thumb
I: median nerve (anterior interosseous n.) (C7-C8)
A: flexion of IP joint of thumb, assists with flexion of MCP and CMC joints of thumb, assists with wrist flexion

31
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

P: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
D: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
I: median nerve (anterior interosseoud n.) (C7-C8)
A: pronation of forearm (prime mover)

32
Q

Palmaris Brevis

A

P: felxor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis
D: skin on hypothenar eminence
I: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: corrugates skin on ulnar side of hand

33
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

P: tubercle of trapezium & flexor retinaculum
D: lateral side of 1st metacarpal
I: recurrent branch of median nerve (C8-T1) & ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
A: opposition of thumb (flexion of CMC joint medially across the palm, abduction of CMC joint & medial rotation of CMC joint)

34
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

P: tubercle of sacphoid & trapezium, flexor reticulum
D: lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb & extensor retinaculum
I: reccurent branch of median nerve (C8-T1)
A: abduction at CMC & MCP joints of thumb; assists thumb opposition & IP extension

35
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

P: superficial head: tubercle of trapezium & flexor retinaculum; deep head: trapezoid & capitate
D: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
I: superficial head: recurrent branch of median nerve (C8-T1); deep head: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
A: flexion of MP & CMC joints of thumb; assists thumb opposition

36
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

P: oblique head: capitate, bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals; transverse head: anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
D: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb, extensor retinaculum
I: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: adduction of CMC joint of thumb; assist thumb MCP adduction and flexion

37
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

P: pisiform bone, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris, pisohamate ligament
D: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit, dorsal expansion of extensor digiti minimi
I: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
A: abduction of 5th digit, assists opposition of 5th digit, may assist MCP flexion and IP extension of 5th digit

38
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi

A

P: hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
D: medial side of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
I: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
A: MCP flexion of 5th digit, assists opposition 5th digit

39
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

P: hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
D: medial border of 5th metacarpal
I: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
A: opposition of little finger to thumb

40
Q

Lumbricals (4)

A

Attach to tendons of flexor digitorum
P: 1 & 2 are unipenate (radial side), 3 & 4 are bipenate
D: lateral side of extensor expansion
I: 1-2: median nerve, 3-4: ulnar nerve
A: flex MCP joints & simultaneously extend PIP and DIP joints of digits 2-5; 4th lumbrical assist opposition of 5th digit

41
Q

Interossei

A

Dorsal: MP abduction; assit MP flexion and assist IP extension; 1st assits thumb adduction
Palmar: MP adduction; assist MP flexion; assist IP extension; assist opposition of 5th digit (3rd interosseus)

42
Q

Supinator

A

P: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral & annular ligament, supinator crest of ulna
D: lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radius, tuberosity & oblique line of radius
I: radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
A: supination of forearm

43
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

P: posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulnar below the origin of extensor pollicis longus, interosseous membrane
D: extensor expansion of 2nd digit
I: radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
A: extension of 2nd finger at MCP, IP extension in conjunction with hand intrinsics of index finger, assists with wrist extension

44
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

P: posterior surface of shaft of ulna, middle 1/3 of posterior shaft of radius & interosseous membrane
D: radial side of base of 1st metacarpal & trapezium
I: radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
A: extension & abduction of thumb at CMC joint, radial deviation, assists wrist flexion

45
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

P: posterolateral surface of middle shaft of ulna, interosseous membrane
D: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
I: radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
A: extension of thumb at IP joint, assists with CMC & MP extensions, assists with radial deviation

46
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

P: posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius & interosseous membrane
D: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
I: radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
A: extends MCP joint of thumb & extension & abduction of CMC joint of thumb, assists with radial deviation & wrist extension

47
Q

Brachioradialis

A

P: proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus & lateral intermuscular septum
D: lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
I: radial nerve
A: elbow flexion - strongest in the midprone position

48
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

P: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, common extensor tendon, lateral intermuscular septum
D: dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal on radial side
I: radial nerve
A: extend & radially deviate wrist, assist elbow flexion

49
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

P: lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon, radial collateral ligament of elbow joint
D: dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal on radial side - some slips sent to 2nd metacarpal bone
I: radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
A: extend wrist & assist with radial deviation

50
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

P: lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
D: divides into 4 tendons that insert into the extensor expansion of digits 2-5 - intermediate slips to middle phalanges and lateral slips to distal phalanges
I: radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
A: MP extension IP extension in conjunction with hand intrinsics (2-5 digits); without the intrinsic produces MCP hyperextension; assists wrist extension

51
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

P: lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
D: extension expansion of 5th digit on radial side
I: radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
A: exntension of 5th digit at MP, IP extension in conjunction with the hand intrinsicts, assists wrist extension

52
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

P: lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon, posterior border of ulna by an aponeurosis shared by FCU & FDP
D: tubercle on dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
I: radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
A: extend & ulnar deviation of wrist

anatomy (5 decks)

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