Head & Neck

Question 1

Mylohyoid

Answer 1

O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: body of hyoid bone and mylohyoid raphe
N: mylohyoid nerve (branch of inferior alveolar nerve of CN V3)
A: raises hyoid bone and tongue for swallowing; depresses the mandible when the hyoid bone is fixed

Question 2

Geniohyoid

Answer 2

O: inferior mental spine of mandible and symphysis menti
I: body of hyoid bone
N: C1 via the hypoglossal nerve
A: elevation and protraction of hyoid bone; assists in depressing mandible

Question 3

Stylohyoid

Answer 3

O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: body of hyoid bone
N: facial nerve (CN VII)
A: draws hyoid bone upward and backward in swallowing; assists in depression of the mandible

Question 4

Digastric

Answer 4

O: posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone; anterior belly: digastric fossa of mandible
I: intermediate tendon and from there to hyoid bone via a fibrous sling
N: anterior belly: mylohyoid nerve (branch of inferior alveolar nerve of CN V3); posterior belly: facial nerve (CN VII)
A: mandibular depression, elevation of hyoid bone in swallowing; anterior belly draws hyoid forward; posterior belly draws hyoid backward

Question 5

Sternohyoid

Answer 5

O: manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle; sternoclavicular ligament
I: body of hyoid bone
N: C1-C3 via branches of ansa cervicalis, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
A: depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

Question 6

Sternothyroid

Answer 6

O: posterior border of manubrium of sternum; costal cartilage of rib 1
I: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
N: C1-C3 via branches of ansa cervicalis
A: depression of hyoid, mandible and tongue (after elevation); draws larynx down after swallowing vocalization

Question 7

Thyrohyoid

Answer 7

O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I: inferior border of greater horn of hyoid bone
N: branches of C1 and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
A: draws hyoid bone downward and elevates the larynx and thyroid cartilage, cervical flexion

Question 8

Inferior Belly of Omohyoid

Answer 8

O: superior border of scapula near supra scapular notch and superior transverse ligament
I: intermediate tendon of omohyoid under sternoclydomastoid and clavicle by fibrous expansion
N: hypoglossal (XII) (ansa cervicalis) via C1 (branches from ansa cervicalis) and C2-C3 cervical nerves
A: depression of hyoid after elevation; cervical flexion

Question 9

Superior Belly of Omohyoid

Answer 9

O: intermediate tendon of omohyoid
I: inferior border of body of hyoid bone
N: hypoglossal (XII) (ansa cervicalis) via C1 (branches from ansa cervicalis) and C2-C3 cervical nerves
A: depression of hyoid after elevation; cervical flexion

Question 10

Longus Colli (Longus Cervicis) - superior oblique portion

Answer 10

O: AT of TP C3-C5
I: tubercle on anterior arch of atlas
N: vental rami C2-C6
A: cervical flexion (weak)

Question 11

Longus Colli (Longus Cervicis) - inferior oblique portion

Answer 11

O: Anterior surface of bodies of C2-C3
I: AT of TP C5-C6
N: vental rami C2-C6
A: cervical flexion (weak), cervical rotation to opposite side

Question 12

Longus Colli (Longus Cervicis) - vertical portion

Answer 12

O: anterior surface of bodies of C4-C7 and T1-T3
I: anterior surface of bodies C2-C4
N: vental rami C2-C6
A: cervical flexion (weak)

Question 13

Longus Capitis

Answer 13

O: TP C3-C6
I: inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone
I: ventral rami C1-C3
A: capital flexion; rotation of head to same side

Question 14

Rectus Capitis Anterior

Answer 14

Inferior: anterior surface of atlas
Superior: inferior surface of baislar part of occipital bone
I: ventral rami C1-C2
A: capital flexion; stabilizes atlanto-occipital joint

Question 15

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

Answer 15

Inferior: TP C1
Superior: inferior surface jugular process on occipital bone
I: ventral rami C1-C2
A: lateral bending head to same side; capital flexion; assist with head rotation, stabilize atlanto-occipital joint

Question 16

Frontalis

Answer 16

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
On forehead
Elevate eyebrows & produces wrinkles in the forehead

Question 17

Orbicularis Oris

Answer 17

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Around the lips
Sphincter of mouth
Closes lips (whistling), protrudes them - plays a role in articulation & mastication

Question 18

Depressor Anguli Oris

Answer 18

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Below lips at corner
Depresses the corners of the mouth

Question 19

Levator Anguli Oris

Answer 19

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Above lips at corner
Elevates corner of mouth (sneering/elvis)

Question 20

Zygomaticus Major

Answer 20

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Attaches to zygomatic bone & corners of mouth
Draws the angle of the mouth superolaterally (smiling)

Question 21

Levator Labii Superioris

Answer 21

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Above lip by nose
Elevates the upper lip

Question 22

Mentalis

Answer 22

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Chin to lower lip
Raises the skin of the chin (pouting)

Question 23

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Answer 23

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Lower lip & down
Draws the lower lip inferiorly and slightly laterally

Question 24

Risorius

Answer 24

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
From corners of mouth laterally
Draws corners of the mouth laterally (grinning)

Question 25

Platysma

Answer 25

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Superficial fascia extending from anterior neck to the face
Tenses the skin of the neck & assists in depressing mandible

Question 26

Buccinator

Answer 26

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Mingle with orbicularis oris
Aid in mastication & swallowing by pressing cheeks against the molar teeth (sucking & blowing)
Parotid Duct peirces

Question 27

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 27

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Sphincter of eye
1. Orbital Part: closes eye to protect against light & dust
2. Palpebral Part: lightly closes eyelids to keep cornea from drying out
3. Lacrimal Part: deep to palpebral - aids in spreading tears by holding eyelids close to eyes

Question 28

Nasalis

Answer 28

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)

1. Transverse: compresses the nostrils
2. Alar: flares the nostrils

Question 29

Procerus

Answer 29

Facial Expressions - Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Wrinkles the nose

Question 30

Temporalis

Answer 30

O: temporal fossa & deep surface of temporal fascia
I: medial surface & apex of coronoid process; anterior border of ramus of mandible
N: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
A: elevates mandible to close mouth; posterior fibers retract mandible; lateral deviation of mandible to same side

Question 31

Masseter

Answer 31

O: zygomatic process, zygomatic bone, & zygomatic arch
I: ramus of mandible
N: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
A: elevates the mandible; protrusion of the mandible

Question 32

Lateral Pterygoid

Answer 32

O: superior head : greater wing of sphenoid bone; inferior head: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: condylar neck and pteryigoid fossa of mandible and articular capsule and disk TMJ
N: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
A: lateral deviation of mandible to opposite side, protrusion of the mandible, mandible depression (inferior portion)

Question 33

Medial Pterygoid

Answer 33

O: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: medial surface of ramus of mandible
N: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
A: elevates mandible, protrudes mandible, lateral deviation of mandible to opposite side