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anatomy > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

P: ilium (posterior gluteal line & crest), sacrum (dorsal surface), coccyx (lateral surface), aponeurosis of erector spinae & aponeurosis of gluteus medius & sacrotuberous ligament
D: iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity
I: inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
A: hip extension, lateral rotation of hip, upper fibers abduct the hip, lower fibers adduct the hip. through its insertion into the iliotibial band, it stabilizes the knee.

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2
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

P: ilium between iliac crest and posterior gluteal line and anterior gluteal line and gluteal aponeurosis
D: oblique ridge on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter
I: superior gluteal nerve (inferior branch) (L4-S1)
A: abducts the hip joint. anterior fibers medially rotate and assist in flexion of the hip joint; the posterior fibers laterally rotate and assist in hip extension.

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3
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

P: ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines and margin of greater sciatic notch
D: anterior border of greater trochanter and hip joint capsule
I: superior gluteal nerve (superior branch) (L4-S1)
A: abducts and medially rotates the hip joint

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4
Q

Piriformis

A

P: pelvic surface of sacrum, ilium (gluteal surface near PIIS), capsule of sacroiliac joint and sacrotuberous ligament
D: superior border of greater trochanter
I: nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)
A: lateral rotation of hip joint. May assist with abduction when the hip is flexed

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5
Q

Obturator Internus

A

P: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and margin of obturator foramen, pelvic surface of the ischial ramus, inferior pubic ramus, obturator fascia
D: medial surface of greater trochanter, proximal to the trochanteric fossa. Tendon fuses with the gemelli.
I: nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
A: lateral rotation of hip joint. May assist with abduction when hip is flexed.

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6
Q

Superior Gemellus

A

P: ischial spine
D: with the tendon of obturator internus, into medial surface of greater trochanter
I: nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
A: lateral rotation of hip joint. May assist with abduction when the hip is flexed.

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7
Q

Inferior Gemellus

A

P: proximal part of ischial tuberosity
D: with tendon of obturator internus, into medial surface of greater trochanter
I: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
A: lateral rotation of hip joint. May assist with abduction when the hip is flexed.

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8
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

P: proximal part of the lateral border of ischial tuberosity
D: quadrate tubercle
I: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
A: lateral rotation of hip joint

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9
Q

Pectineus

A

O: pecten pubis (pectineal line)
I: shaft of femur on a line from lesser trochanter to linea aspera (pectineal line of femur)
I: femoral nerve (L2, L3) - may recieve a branch from obturator (L3)
A: hip adduction, assists with hip flexion

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10
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

O: outer lib of iliac crest, ASIS, fascia lata
I: iliotibial tract
I: superior gluteal nerve (inferior branch) (L4-S1)
A: hip flexion, medial rotation and abduction

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11
Q

Sartorius

A

O: ASIS and notch below ASIS
I: proximal medial surface of tibial shaft distal to tibial condyle, capsule of knee joint
I: femoral nerve (L2, L3)
A: hip lateral rotation, abduction and flexion. Knee flexion and internal rotation

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12
Q

Rectus Femoris

A 
(quadriceps femoris)
O: AIIS, acetabulum and capsule of hip joint
I: base of patella
I: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
A: knee extension, hip flexion
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13
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A 
(quadriceps femoris)
O: lateral lip of linea aspera, greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, lateral intermuscular septum
I: patella
I: fermoral nerve (L2-L4)
A: knee extension
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14
Q

Vastus Medialis

A 
(quadriceps femoris)
O: intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera, medial intermuscular septum
I: patella
I: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
A: knee extension
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15
Q

Vastus intermedius

A 
(quadriceps femoris)
O: anterior and lateral surfaces of upper 2/3 of shaft of femur, lateral intermuscular septum
I: patella
I: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
A: knee extension
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16
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O: pubis (at the angle where the crest meets the symphasis)
I: middle 1/3 of medial lip of linea aspera
I: obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2-L4)
A: hip adduction, assists with hip flexion (and lateral rotation when hip is extended)

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17
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: inferior ramus and body of pubis
I: along a line from the lesser trochanter to the proximal 1/3 of the medial lip of the linea aspera
I: obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2-L4)
A: hip adduction, hip flexion

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18
Q

Gracilis

A

O: inferior pubic ramus near pubic symphysis, ischial ramus
I: medial surface of tibial shaft below the tibial condyle, pes anserine, deep fascia of leg
I: obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2-L4)
A: hip adduction, knee flexion and medial rotation of knee

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19
Q

Adductor Magnus (adductor and hamstring parts)

A

O: inferior pubic ramus, inferior ramus of ischium, (hamstring part) ischial tuberosity
O: linea aspera, medial supracondylar line by an aponeurosis, adductor tubercle via a rounded tnedon which attaches to the medial supra condylar line by a fibrous expansion (hamstring part)
I: superior and middle fibers: obturator nerve (posterior division) (L2-L4); inferior fibers (hamstring part): sciatic nerve (tibial division) (L4, L5, S1)
A: hip adduction, assist hip extension (inferior fibers), assist hip flexion (superior fibers - weak), role in hip rotation depends on thigh position

20
Q

Obturator Externus

A

O: pubic ramus, ischial ramus, margins of the obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa of femur
I: obturator nerve (posterior branch) (L3-L4)
A: lateral rotation of the hip, assists with hip adduction

21
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial side of proximal tibial shaft, deep fascia of leg
I: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
A: knee flexion, knee medial rotation, hip extension, assists with hip internal rotation

22
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia, reflected attachment forms oblique popiteal ligament
I: tibial division of sciatic nerve
A: knee flexion, knee medial rotation, hip extension, assists with hip medial rotation

23
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

O: long head: ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament; short head: lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line, lateral intermuscular septum
I: fibular head, lateral tibial condyle, fascia on lateral leg
I: long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve; short head: fibular division of sciatic nerve
A: knee flexion, knee lateral rotation, hip extension (long head), assists with hip lateral rotation (long head)

24
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: lateral tibial condyle, proximal 2/3 of lateral shaft of tibia, interosseous membrane, deep fascia
I: medial cuneiform bone (on medial and plantar surfaces) and base of 1st metatarsal
I: deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
A: ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion, supports medial longitudinal arch

25
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: medial aspect of middle shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane
I: base of dorsal surface of distal phalanx of great toe, expansion to base of proximal phalanx of great toe
I: deep fibular nerve (L5)
A: extension of MP and IP of the great toe, assists with dorsiflexion and foot inversion

26
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

O: lateral condyle of tibia, upper 3/4 of medial shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane and deep fascia
I: four tendinous slips to the dorsum of toes 2-5: intermediate slip to the bases of middle phalanges and two lateral slips to the bases of the distal phalanges
I: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
A: MP extension of toes 2-5, assist with PIP and DIP extension of toes 2-5 (assists with ankle dorsiflexion and foot eversion)

27
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A

O: distal 1/3 of medial fibula, interosseous membrane, intermuscular septum
I: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
I: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
A: ankle dorsiflexion, assists with foot eversion

28
Q

Fibularis Longus

A

O: head and upper 2/3 of fibula, deep fascia and intermuscular septa
I: plantar aspect of base of 1st meatarsal, plantar aspect of medial cuneiform
I: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)
A: foot eversion, assists with ankle plantar flexion. Depression of 1st metatarsal. Supports longitudinal and transverse arches

29
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

O: distal 2/3 of fibula, intermuscular septa
I: tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
I: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)
A: foot eversion, assists with plantar flexion

30
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

P: dorsal surface of the calcaneous and the inferior extensor retinaculum
D: 3 tendons, attach to lateral edge of the corresponding tendons of the extensor digitorum longus
I: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
A: extends digits 2-4 at the MP joins, assists PIP & DIP extension; assist in extending the toes

31
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

P: dorsal surface of the calcaneous and inferior extensor retinaculum
D: proximal phalanx of the great toe
I: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
A: extends the great toe at the MP joint

32
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: medial head: medial femoral condyle and popliteal surface adjacent to medial condyle, capsule of knee joint; lateral head: lateral femoral condyle and shaft above lateral condyle, later supracondylar line, capsule of knee joint
I: calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus
I: tibial nerve (S1, S2)
A: ankle plantar flexion, assists with knee flexion, invert foot

33
Q

Soleus

A

O: fibular head and proximal 1/3 of posterior fibula, soleal line and middle 1/3 of medial tibial shaft
I: calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus
I: tibial nerve (S1, S2)
A: ankle plantar flexion

34
Q

Plantaris

A

O: lateral aspect of supracondylar line of femur
I: calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus
I: tibial nerve (S1, S2)
A: assists with ankle plantar flexion and knee flexion; proprioception

35
Q

Popliteus

A

O: lateral condyle of femur, capsule of knee joint, lateral meniscus, arcuate popliteal ligament
I: posterior surface of tibia above soleal line
I: tibial nerve (L4-S1)
A: knee flexion, knee medial rotation (proximal attachment fixed), hip lateral rotation (distal attachment fixed)

36
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: inferior 2/3 of posterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane
I: plantar surface of base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
I: tibial nerve (L5-S2)
A: flexion of IP of great toe, assists with flexion of MP of great toe, assists with ankle plantar flexion and inversion

37
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: posterior surface of middle 2/3 of tibia
I: plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of toes 2-5
I: tibial nerve (L5-S2)
A: flexes MP, PIP, DIP of toes 2-5, assists with ankle plantar flexion and foot inversion

38
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: posterior tibia inferior to soleal line, proximal 2/3 of posterior fibula and fibular head, interosseous membrane, deep fascia
I: tuberosity of navicular bone, 3 cuneiform bones, cuboid (just a slip), bases of metatarsals 2-4 (variable)
I: tibial nerve (L4, L5)
A: foot inversion, assists with ankle plantar flexion

39
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

O: medial process of tuberosity of calcaneous
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
I: medial plantar nerve (s1, S2)
A: abducts great toe, assists with flexion of MP of great toe

40
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: medial process of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa
I: 4 digits - both sides of middle phalanges of toes 2-5
I: medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)
A: MP and PIP flexion of toes 2-5

41
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

O: medial and lateral processes of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis and intermuscular septum
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
I: lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)
A: abduction and MP flexion of 5th toe

42
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

O: lateral head: lateral border of plantar surface of calcaneus and lateral border of long plantar ligament; medial head: medial border of calcaneus and medial border of long plantar ligament
I: lateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
I: lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)
A: DIP flexion of toes 2-5 (in synergy with flexor digitorum longus)

43
Q

Lumbercles

A

O: 1st: originates by a single head from the medial side of the tendon of the flex dig long bound for the 2nd toe; 2nd-4th: originate by double heads from adjacent sides of flex dig long tendons bound for toes 3, 4, 5
I: proximal phalanges and dorsal expansions of the tendons of ext dig longus for toes 2-5
I: 1st: medial plantar nerve (L5, S1); 2nd-4th: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
A: MP flexion of toes 2-5 and assists with PIP and DIP extension toes 2-5

44
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: lateral: medial part of plantar surface of cuboid, cuneiform; medial: tendon of tibialis posterior, medial intermuscular septum
I: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
N: medial plantar nerve
A: MP flexion of great toe

45
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

O: oblique: bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse: plantar metatarsalphalangeal ligaments of toes 3-5 and deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
I: oblique: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit, lateral seasamoid bone of hallux; transverse: lateral sesamoid of hallux
N: lateral plantar nerve
A: adduction of great toe, assists with flexion of MP of great toe. Supports transverse metatarsal arch

46
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

O: base of plantar surface of 5th metatarsal
I: base of proximal phalanx of toe 5
N: lateral plantar nerve
A: MP flexion of toe 5

47
Q

Interossei

A

PAD (3), DAB (4)

anatomy (5 decks)

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