Upper Extremity

Question 1

what bones form the pectoral (shoulder) girdle

Answer 1

clavicle and sternum

Question 2

what joints form the pectoral (shoulder) girdle

Answer 2

sternoclavicular joint (sternum and clavicle)
acromioclavicular joint (acromion of scapula and clavicle)
glenohumeral joint (head of humerus and the glenoid cavity of scapula)

Question 3

what does the glenoid cavity articulate with

Answer 3

head of the humerus

Question 4

what tendons attach to the coronoid process

Answer 4

pectoralis major, short head of biceps**, coracobrachialis

Question 5

what nerve runs along the hook of hamate

Answer 5

ulnar nerve

Question 6

how many phalanges does the 1st digit have

Answer 6

2

Question 7

how many joints do the phalanges have

Answer 7

3- MCP, PIP, DIP

Question 8

what is the weakest part of the clavicle

Answer 8

junction of its middle and lateral thirds

Question 9

what muscle elevates the clavicle after a fracture. What is the effect of this

Answer 9

SCM- shoulder drops

Question 10

what is the first long bone to ossify

Answer 10

clavicle - begins during 5th and 6th embryonic weeks

Question 11

what is a common area for fracturing the humerus

Answer 11

surgical neck- common in elderly people with osteoporosis

Question 12

what is a supra-epicondylar fracture

Answer 12

fracture of the distal part of the humerus

Question 13

what nerves are injured in a fracture of the humerus

Answer 13

axillary nerve= surgical neck
radial nerve= radial groove
median nerve= distal humerus
ulnar nerve= medial epicondyle

Question 14

what does the pectoral fascia invest

Answer 14

pectoralis major
(becomes the axillary fascia)

Question 15

what forms the floor of the axilla

Answer 15

axillary fascia

Question 16

what is the costocoracoid membrane

Answer 16

part of the clavipectoral fascia between the pectoralis minor and subclavius

pierced by the lateral pectoral nerve

Question 17

what does the clavipectoral fascia invest

Answer 17

subclavius and pectoralis minor
becomes continuous with the axillary fascia

Question 18

where is the suspensory ligament of axilla

Answer 18

inferior to pectoralis minor

Question 19

what forms the axillary fossa

Answer 19

suspensory ligament of axilla

Question 20

what fasciae is the deltoid fascia continuous with

Answer 20

pectoral fascia- anteriorly
infraspinous fascia- posteriorly

Question 21

what creates the sub scapular, supraspinous, and infraspinous compartments

Answer 21

deltoid fascia

Question 22

what is the brachial fascia continuous with

Answer 22

deltoid, pectoral, axillary, and infraspinous fasciae

Question 23

where does the brachial fascia attach to

Answer 23

epicondyles of the humerus and the olecranon

Question 24

what divides compartments in the arm

Answer 24

lateral and medial inter muscular septa

Question 25

what divides the compartments in the forearm

Answer 25

interosseous membrane

Question 26

what muscles make up the anterior arm

Answer 26

biceps brachii brachialis coracobrachialis

Question 27

what is the function of the anterior arm

Answer 27

flexion of the forearm at the elbow supination of the forearm

Question 28

what nerve innervates the anterior arm

Answer 28

musculocutaneous

Question 29

what is the blood supply to the anterior arm

Answer 29

brachial artery

Question 30

what are the muscles of the posterior arm

Answer 30

triceps brachii anconeus brachioradialis

Question 31

what is the function of the posterior arm

Answer 31

extension of forearm at the elbow exception: brachioradialis is a flexor!!!

Question 32

what is the nerve to the posterior arm

Answer 32

radial nerve

Question 33

what is the blood supply of the posterior arm

Answer 33

deep brachial artery (branch of the profunda brachii)

Question 34

what is the extensor retinaculum

Answer 34

thickened band of deep fascia located on the back of the wrist forms a roof over the extensor tendons as they pass into the hand prevents bowstringing of the extensor tendons divides tendons into six compartments- each surrounded by a synovial sheath

Question 35

where is the extensor retinaculum located

Answer 35

spans from the distal radius to the distal ulna and the carpal bones

Question 36

what forms the carpal tunnel

Answer 36

roof: flexor retinaculum floor and sides: concave arch formed by the carpal bones

Question 37

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel ****

Answer 37

flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus median nerve

Question 38

what does: "Sexy Females Prefer Fifty Mean Fingers" stand for

Answer 38

Sexy → Superficialis (Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - 4 tendons). Females → Flexor (Flexor Digitorum Profundus - 4 tendons). Prefer → Pollicis (Flexor Pollicis Longus - 1 tendon). Fifty → Total of 9 tendons (just a fun exaggeration). Mean → Median (Median Nerve). Fingers → Represents the tendons that flex the fingers.

Question 39

where is the palmar fascia and aponeurosis found

Answer 39

thick triangular sheet of connective tissue in the palm location: central part of the palm

Question 40

what is the function of the palmar fascia and aponeurosis

Answer 40

attachment for palmar muscles

Question 41

what are the thickened distal continuation of the palmar aponeurosis

Answer 41

digital fibrous sheaths- encase the tendons of the fingers

Question 42

what does the superficial transverse metacarpal ligament do and where is it found

Answer 42

connects the distal ends of the metacarpal bones found at the base of the fingers- merges with the palmar aponeurosis

Question 43

what are the main superficial veins of the upper extremity

Answer 43

cephalic and basilic veins

Question 44

what tissue do the superficial veins run with

Answer 44

superficial fascia

Question 45

where do the superficial veins of the UE originate from

Answer 45

dorsal venous network

Question 46

what does the accessory cephalic vein drain and where does it connect with the cephalic vein

Answer 46

drains the dorsum of the forearm joins cephalic vein near the elbow

Question 47

how do superficial UE veins communicate with deep veins

Answer 47

perforating veins- pierce the deep fascia anatomical connections

Question 48

where does the median cubital vein connect the cephalic and basilic veins

Answer 48

in the cubital fossa

Question 49

trace the path of the cephalic vein

Answer 49

originates in the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous network proceeds along the lateral border of the wrist and anterolateral surface of the forearm and arm communicates with the median cubital vein anterior to the elbow passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles- pierces the pectoralis major muscle enters the clavipectoral triangle- pierces the costocoracoid membrane joins the terminal part of the axillary vein

Question 50

what area of the dorsal venous network does the basilic vein emerge from

Answer 50

medial end

Question 51

what are the deep veins of the hand

Answer 51

deep palmar venous arch metacarpal veins

Question 52

what are the deep veins of the forearm

Answer 52

radial veins- drain the lateral (radial) side ulnar vein - drains medial (ulnar) side communicate at the level of the elbow to form the brachial veins

Question 53

what are more numerous: superficial or deep lymphatic vessels

Answer 53

superficial

Question 54

what is the main blood supply of the upper limb

Answer 54

axillary artery- continuation of the subclavian

Question 55

when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery

Answer 55

at the inferior border of trees major

Question 56

where does the brachial artery end and what does it become

Answer 56

ends in the cubital fossa- opposite the neck of the radius divides into the radial and ulnar arteries

Question 57

what travels in the brachial groove

Answer 57

profunda brachii radial nerve

Question 58

what is the deep artery of the arm

Answer 58

profunda brachii

Question 59

does the ulnar artery run deep or superficial to the flexor muscles

Answer 59

deep

Question 60

where does the ulnar artery enter the hand

Answer 60

through guyons canal

Question 61

where can you palpate the ulnar pulse

Answer 61

just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris in the wrist

Question 62

how does the radial artery enter the hand

Answer 62

through the anatomical snuff box

Question 63

where to palpate the radial pulse

Answer 63

just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis

Question 64

what forms the superficial palmar arch

Answer 64

ulnar artery

Question 65

what forms the deep palmar arch

Answer 65

radial artery