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Physiology and Anatomy > Lower Extremities - Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Lower Extremities - Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of the anterior thigh

A

flexors: pectinous, iliopsoas, satoris

extensors: quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis)

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2
Q

what muscles make up the flexors of the anterior thigh

A

pectinous, iliopsoas, sartorius

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3
Q

what muscles make up the quadriceps

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis

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4
Q

what is the blood supply to the anterior thigh

A

femoral artery

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5
Q

what is the innervation to the anterior thigh

A

femoral nerve

except: psoas major is innervated by anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L2-3)

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6
Q

what is the function of the anterior thigh muscles

A

flex the hip and extend the knee

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7
Q

what muscles make up the medial thigh

A

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor Magnus, gracilis, obturator externus

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8
Q

what is the blood supply of the medial thigh

A

obturator artery

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the medial thigh

A

obturator nerve

exception: hamstring part of the adductor Magnus - tibial branch of sciatic nerve

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10
Q

what is the function of the medial thigh

A

adducts hip + stabilization

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11
Q

what muscles make up the posterior thigh

A

hamstrings: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and long head of biceps femoris

non-hamstring: short head of biceps femoris

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12
Q

what muscle is not part of the hamstring group

A

short head of biceps femoris

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13
Q

what is the blood supply to the posterior thigh

A

lots: profunda femoris, popliteal, medial circumflex femoral arteries

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14
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior thigh

A

sciatic nerve branches

hamstrings= tibial branch
non-hamstring= common fibular branch

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15
Q

what is the function of posterior thigh muscles

A

hip extension, knee flexion, medial/lateral rotation of the knee

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16
Q

what muscles make up the gluteal region

A

superficial: glut maximus, glut medius, glut minimus, and tensor fascia lata

deep: piriformis, obturator interns, superior and inferior gemelli, and quadratus femoris

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17
Q

what is the blood supply to the gluteal region

A

branches of the internal iliac arteries –> superior and inferior gluteal arteries

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18
Q

what is the innervation to the gluteal region

A

lots: superior & inferior gluteal cutaneous nerves, sciatic, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, pudendal nerve

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19
Q

what is the function of the gluteal region muscles

A

hip extension, hip abduction, and lateral rotation

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20
Q

what muscles make up the anterior leg

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

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21
Q

what is the blood supply of the anterior leg

A

anterior tibial artery

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22
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior leg

A

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (branch of the common fibular nerve)

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23
Q

what is the function of the anterior leg muscles

A

dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes

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24
Q

what muscles make up the lateral leg

A

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

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25
what is the blood supply of the lateral leg
no arteries course through- supplies by perforating branches of anterior tibial and fibular arteries
26
what is the innervation to the lateral leg
superficial fibular nerve
27
what is the function of the lateral leg muscles
eversion of foot, arch support, and plantar flexion of the ankle
28
what muscles make up the posterior leg
superficial= gastrocnemius, soleus, and planters deep= popliteal, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
29
what is the blood supply to the posterior leg
posterior tibial artery
30
what is the innervation of the posterior leg
tibial nerve
31
what is the function of the posterior leg muscles
plantar flexion of the ankle, stabilize ankle, flex toes
32
what bones make up the hip joint
acetabulum + proximal end of femur
33
what bones make up the hip
ilium, ischium, pubis
34
what bones make up the knee joint
femur, paternal, tibia **fibular doesnt participate
35
what bones make up the ankle joint
tibia, fibula, and talus
36
what are the tarsal bones
talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and 3 cuneiforms
37
how many metatarsals are there
5
38
how many phalanges are there
14 (middle phalange is absent in big toe)
39
What is coxa vara
condition where the angle of inclination is reduced below 120º (normal is 120-135º) shortens affected leg
40
what is coxa valga
condition in which the angle of inclination is increased above 135º lengthens affected leg
41
what type of hip fracture is more severe
femoral neck fracture because it disrupts the medial circumflex femoral artery (risk of avascular necrosis)
42
what is an inversion ankle injury
turns the sole of the foot inward sprain the lateral collateral ligaments (LCL) more common
43
what is an eversion ankle injury
turning the sole of the foot outward sprains the deltoid ligament (MCL) less common
44
what is the iliotibial tract (IT)
thickened fascia lata made of the aponeuroses of the tensor fascia late and gluteus Maximus extends from the iliac tubercle to the anterolateral tibial tubercle
45
what vessels run through the superficial fascia
veins: Great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein arteries: superficial epigastric, circumflex iliac, external pudendal arteries (branches of femoral artery)
46
trace the journey of the great saphenous vein
o Formed by the union of the dorsal digital vein (great toe) and the dorsal venous arch vein o Journey:  Ascends anterior to the medial malleolus  Passes posterior to the medial condyle of the femur * About a hand’s breadth posterior to the medial border of the patella  Anastomoses freely with the small saphenous vein  Traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata  Empties into the femoral vein
47
where is the saphenous opening and what passes through it?
location: opening in the fascia lata at the anterior-medial aspect of the thigh (just below the inguinal ligament) structures: great saphenous vein (where it drains into the femoral vein), lymphatic vessels, superficial epigastric artery
48
what is the crural fascia
deep fascia of the leg continuous with the fascia lata
49
how do veins in the feet drain
drain deep to superficial (everywhere else: superficial to deep)
50
what are the superficial veins of the LE
Great saphenous vein- runs anteriorly small saphenous vein - runs posteriorly drain to femoral vein- connects to the systemic system (IVC)
51
what nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the foot
medial plantar nerve --> medial sole and plantar surface lateral plantar nerve --> lateral sole and plantar surface sural nerve --> lateral margin of foot and heel saphenous nerve --> medial margin of foot and ankle superficial fibular nerve --> dorsal of foot deep fibular nerve --> web space between first and second toes
52
what nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the anterior leg
saphenous nerve and superficial fibular nerve
53
what nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the posterior leg
sural nerve and medial calcaneal nerves
54
what nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the anterior thigh
femoral nerve
55
what nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the posterior thigh
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
56
what nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the medial thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
57
what does the sciatic nerve innervate
splits into the tibial and common fibular nerve motor innervation tibial --> hamstrings fibular --> short head of biceps femoris sensory innervation most of the leg and foot via branches
58
what muscles only cross the knee joint
vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus internis, and popliteus
59
what muscles cross both the hip and knee joints
rectus femoris, sartorius, hamstrings, and gracilis
60
what are the 4 bellies of the quadriceps femoris m? what joints do they cross and what are their actions?
rectus femoris - crosses hip and knee joints. flexes hip and extends knee vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius- crosses only the knee. extends the knee
61
what is the function of the articulates genu?
small muscle beneath the vastus intermedius action: pulls the synovial membrane of the knee joint superiorly during extension **prevents it from being pinches between the femur and patella
62
what is the patellar ligament
continuation of the quadriceps tendon attaches the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity
63
what forms the medial and lateral patella retinaculum
extensions of the aponeuroses of the vastus medialis and lateralis as they blend with the patellar ligament function: stabilize patella and help align it during knee extension
64
what is the adductor hiatus? What passes through?
a gap in the adductor Magnus contents: femoral artery and femoral vein transition point: become the popliteal artery/vein
65
what is the most medial muscle of the thigh
gracilis
66
what muscles are involved in the pes anserine
gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus function: provides stability and medial support to the knee
67
what/where is the femoral triangle?
subfascial space located in the anterior thigh, inferior to the inguinal ligament
68
what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
superior: inguinal ligament medial: adductor longus lateral: sartorius floor: iliopsoas (lateral) and pectinous (medial) roof: fascia lata femoral ring= base of the triangle
69
what are the contents of the femoral triangle
mnemonic: NAVEL femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein empty space (femoral canal) lymphatics
70
where is the retroinguinal space
deep to the inguinal ligament, runs in the femoral triangle
71
what are the 2 compartments of the retroinguinal space
lateral (muscular compartment): iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve medial (vascular) compartment: femoral artery, femoral vein, and deep inguinal lymph nodes
72
what passes through the femoral canal?
lymphatic vessels allows for expansion of the femoral vein
73
what is the adductor canal
fascial tunnel located in the middle third of the thigh extends from apex of the femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
74
what structures run through the adductor canal
femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve (branch of femoral nerve) and nerve to vastus medialis
75
what is the femoral sheath and what does it enclose?
funnel shaped fascial tube (3-4 cm); encloses proximal parts of the femoral vessels--> create the femoral canal medial to it encloses: femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal **doesnt enclose the femoral nerve
76
if you palpate the femoral pulse in the femoral triangle, where is the vein and nerve located?
femoral vein: located medial to the femoral artery femoral nerve: located lateral to the femoral artery; outside the femoral sheath
77
where do the femoral, profunda femoris, and great saphenous vein converge?
femoral triangle
78
what is the boundary of the greater sciatic foramen
sacrospinous ligament and pelvic bone
79
what is the boundary of the lesser sciatic foramen
sacrotuberous ligament and ischial spine
80
what bursa is the clinically most important bursa?
trochanteric bursa between the gluteus max. and greater trochanter of the femur
81
why isn't the short head of the biceps not considered a hamstring
doesnt cross the hip joint so doesnt act on the hip

Physiology and Anatomy (5 decks)

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