Upper extremity Flashcards
Triceps brachii
PA: Long head: infragelnoid tubericle of the scapula
Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
medial head: posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to radial groove
DA: proximal end of olecranon process and fascia of forearm
NI: radial nerve
MS: chief extensor of the forearm; long head steadies head of abducted humerus, long head also involved in shoulder extension
brachialis
PA: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
DA: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
NI: musculocutaneous nerve
MA: major flexor of forearm- flexes forearm in all positions
pectoralis major
PA: clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilage and aponerarosis of external oblique muscle
DA: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
NI: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
MA: adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriourly and inferiorly; acting alone CH flexes humerus, SCH extends humerus especially from a flexed shoulder position
Latissimus dorsi
PA: spinus process of inferior 6 ribs (7-12), thoracis vertebrae, thoraco lumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
DA: floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
NI: thoracodorsal nerve
MA: extends adducs and medially rotates humerus; raises body towards arm during climbing
Oppones digiti minimi
PA: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
DA: medial border of 5th metacarpal
NI: deep branch of ulnar nerve
MA: draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, brining it into opposition w/ thumb
Adductor pollicics
PA: oblique head: bases of 2nd and third metacarpals, capitate and adjacent carpals
transverse head: anterior surface of body of 3rd metacarpal
DA: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
NI: deep branch of ulnar nerve
MA: adducts thumb towards middle digit
Subclavius
PA: junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
DA: inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
NI: nerve to subclavius
MA: anchors and depresses clavicle
Serratus anterior
PA: external surface of medial border of scapula
DA: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
sup: near superior angle
NI:long thoracic nerve
MA: protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; aides in upward rotation of scapula
anconeus
PA: lateral epicondyle of humerus
DA: lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna
NI: radial nerve
MA: assist triceps in extending forearm; stabilize elbow joint; abducts ulna during pronation
abductor pollicis brevis
PA: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
DA: lateral side of base pf phalanx of the thumb
NI: recurrent branch of median nerve
MA: abducts thumb and assist with opposition
opponenes pollicis
PA: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
DA: lateral side of 1st metacarpal
NI: recurrent branch of median nerve
MA: draws first metacarpal bone laterally to oppose thumb toward center of palm and rotates it medially
flexor pollicis brevis
PA: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
DA: lateral sid of base of phalanx of thumb
NI: recurrent branch of median nerve
MA: flexes thumb
adductor digiti minimi
PA: pisiorm
DA: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
NI: deep branch of ulnar nerve
MA: abducts 5th digit
flexor digiti minimi brevis
PA: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
DA: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
NI: deep branch of ulnar nerve
MA: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
flexor carpi radialis
PA: medial epicondyle of humerus
DA: base of second metacarpal
NI: median nerve
MA: flexes and abducts hand (radial deviation)
pronator teres
PA: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
DA: middle lateral surface of radius
NI: median nerve
MA: pronates and flexes forearm at elbow
Palmar interosseous muscles
PA: palmar surfaces of 2nd 4th and 5th metacarpals
DA: extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, 5
NI: deep branch of ulnar nerve
MA: adducts digits toward axial line and assists lumbricles in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints
Lumbricles
PA: medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
DA: lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 4 and 5
NI: deep branch of ulnar nerve
MA: flexes digits at MCP joints and extends at IP joints
Biceps Brachii
PA: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
DA: tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
NI: musculocutaneous nerve
MA: supinates forearm and when supinated aides in flexing the forearm
flexor pollicis longus
PA: anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseus membrane
DA: base of distal phalanx of thumb
NI: anterior interosseus nerve from median nerve
MA: flexes phalanges of 1st digit at MCP and IP
Dorsal interosseous muscles
PA: (dorsal surface) and adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals
DA: extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4
NI: deep branch of ulnar nerve
MA: abducts digtid from axial line and acts with lumbricles to flex MCP joints and extend IP joints
Lumbricles (1st 2nd)
PA: lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
DA: lateral sides of extensor expansions of the corresponding digits
NI: median nerve
MA: flexes digtis at MCP joints and extends at IP joints
Supra spinatus
PA: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
DA: superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
NI: suprascapular nerve
MA: initaites and assits deltioid in abduction of arm and acts with other rotator cuff muscles
trapezius
PA: medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament and spinous process of c7-t12
DA: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
NI: spinal root of accessory nerve (CN11)and cervical nerves (c3 c4
MA: elevates (upper) depresses (lower) retracts (middle) and rotates scapula (upper+lower for superior rotation of scap)
teres major
PA: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula
DA: medial lip pf intertubecular groove of humerus
NI: lower subscapular nerve
MA: adducts and medially rotates arm
extensor carpi radialis brevis
PA: lateral epicondyle of humerus
DA: base of 3rd metacarpal
NI: deep branch of radial nerve
MA: extend and abduct hand at wrist ( radial deviation)
extensor digitorum
PA: lateral epicondyle of humerus
DA: extensor expansions of digits 2-5
NI: posterior interosseous nerve, the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
MA: extends digits 2-5 at MCP joints and extends hand at wrist
Rhomboid major
PA: spinous process of T2-5 vertebrae
DA: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
NI: dorsal scapular nerve
MA: retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall
Rhomboid minor
PA: nuchal ligament and spinous process of c7-T1
DA: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
NI: dorsal scapular nerve
MA: retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall
Infraspinatus
PA: infraspinous fossa of scapula
DA: middle facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
NI: suprascapular nerve
MA: laterally rotate arm; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
coracobrachialis
PA: tip of coracoid process of scapula
DA: middle 1.3 of midal surface of humerus
NI: musculocutaneous nerve
MA: helps to flex and adduct arm
abductor pollicis longus APL
PA: posterior surface of ulna, radius an interosseous membrane
DA: base of 1st metacarpal
NI: posterior interosseous nerve, and the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve
MA: abducts thumb and extends at CMC joint
Extensor pollicis longus EPL
PA: posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
DA: base of distal phalanx of thumb
NI: posterior interosseous nerve, and the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve
MA: extends distal phalanx of thumb at CMC and IP joints
Extensor pollicis brevis EPB
PA: posterior surfaces of radisu and interosseous membrane
DA: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
NI: posterior interosseous nerve, and the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve
MA: extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint
pronator quadratus
PA: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
DA: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
NI: anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve
MA: pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
flexor digitorm profundus
PA: proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
DA: base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
NI: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
MA: flexion of digits 2-5 at DIP and flexion of hand at wrist
flexor digitorum superficialis
PA: humoulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna
radial head: superior half of anterior border of ulna
DA: bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
NI: median nerve
MA: flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints and flexion of hand at wrist
flexor carpi ulnaris
PA: humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna
DA: pisiform bone, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
NI: ulnar nerve
MA: flexes and adducts hand ( ulnar deviation
Palmaris longus
PA: medial epicondyle of humerus
DA: distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
NI: median nerve
MA: flexes hand at wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis
extensor idicis
PA: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
DA: extensor expansion of 2nd digit
NI: posterior interosseous nerve and continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
MA: extends 2nd digit and helps to extend hand at wrist
extensor carpi ulanris
PA: lateral epicodyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
DA: base of 5th metacarpal
NI: posterior interosseous nerve and continuation fo deep branch of radial nerve
MA: extends and adducts hand at wrist (ulnar deviation)
extensor digiti minimi
PA: lateral epicondyle of humerus
DA: extensor expansion of 5th digit
NI: posterior interosseous and the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
MA: extends 5th digit at MCP and IP joints
Supinator
PA: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial colateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa and crest of ulna
DA: lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
NI: deep branch of radial nerve
MA: supinates forearm ( turns palm anteriorly)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
PA: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
DA: base of second metacarpal
NI: radial nerve
MA: extend and abduct hand at wrist (radial deviation)
brachioradialis
PA: proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
DA: lateral surface of distal end of radius (does not cross wrist)
NI: radial nerve
MA: flexes forearm (neutral wrist position
Subscapularis
PA: subscapular fossa of scapula
DA: lesser tuberosity of humerus
NI: upper and lower subscapular nerves
MA: medially rotates arm and adducts it; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
deltoid
PA: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
DA: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
NI: axillary nerve
MA: anterior: flexes and medially rotates arm
middle: abducts arm
posterior: extends and laterally rotates arm
Teres minor
PA: superior part of lteral border of scapula
DA: inferior facet on grater tuberosity of humerus
NI: axillary nerve
MA: laterally rotate arm; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
levator scapulae
PA: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-4
DA: superior part of medial border of scapula
NI: dorsal scapular and cervical nerves
MA: elevates scapula and rotates the scapula so that the glenoid cavity moves inferiorly
pectoralis minor
PA: 3-5th ribs near their costal cartilage
DA: medial morder and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
NI: medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head
MA: stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
