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Anatomy > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Semimembranosus

A

PA: Ischial tuberosity
DA: posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
NI: tibial division of Sciatic nerve
MA: extend thigh flex leg and rotate it medially

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2
Q

Semitendiosus

A

PA: ischial tuberosity
DA: medial surface of superior part of tibia
NI: tibial division of sciatic nerve
MA: extend thigh flex leg and rotate it medially

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3
Q

Biceps femoris

A

PA: long head: ischial tuberosity short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
DA: lateral side of head of fibula
NI: long: tibial division of sciatic nerve short: common fibular division of sciatic nerve
MA: flexes the knee, rotates the tibia laterally; long head also extends hip joint

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4
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

PA: external surface of illumination between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
DA: anterior surface or greater trochanter or femur
NI: superior gluteal nerve
MA: abducts and medially rotates thigh; keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised

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5
Q

Gluteus medius

A

PA: external surface of illumination between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
DA: lateral surface or greater trochanter or femur
NI: superior gluteal nerve
MA: abducts and medially rotates thigh; keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised

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6
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

PA: ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
DA: Illiotibial tract that inserts at lateral condyle of the tibia; gluteal tuberosity of femur
NI: inferior gluteal nerve
MA: extends thigh (especially from a flexed position)and assist in lateral rotation; steadies thigh

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7
Q

Flexor hallicus longus

A

PA: Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane
DA: Base of distal phalanx of great toe
NI: tibial nerve
MA: flexes great toe at all joints and weakly plantar flexes ankle: supports medial longitudinal arches of foot

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8
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

PA: medial part of posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula
DA: base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
NI: tibial nerve
MA: flexes lateral 4 digits and plantar flexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of the foot

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9
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

PA: Lateral head: lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of femus
medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
DA: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
NI: tibial nerve
MA:plantar flexes ankle when knee is extended, flexes knee joint

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10
Q

Soleus

A

PA:posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibular soleal line and medial border of tibia
DA: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
NI: tibial nerve
MA: powerful plantar flexor of the ankle; independent of position of knee and steadies leg on foot

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11
Q

Plantaris

A

PA: inferior end of supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament
DA: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
NI: tibial nerve
MA: weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle and flexing knee; primary role is proprioception

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12
Q

popliteus

A

PA: lateral surface of lateral condyle of the femur and lateral meniscus
DA: posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
NI: tibial nerve
MA: weakly flexes the knee and unlocks/ locks it (screw home mechanism)

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13
Q

tibialis anterior

A

PA: lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
DA: medial and inferior surfances of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
NI: deep fibular nerve
MA: dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

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13
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

PA: Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of the fibula
DA: tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform and cuboid and bases of metatarsals 2, 3, 4
NI: tibial nerve
MA: plantar flexes ankle and inverts foot

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13
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

PA: Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula
DA: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
NI: deep fibular nerve
MA: dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of the foot

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14
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

PA: middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
DA: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of hallux
NI: deep fibular nerve
MA: extend big toe and dorsi flex ankle

15
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

PA: lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/5 of medial surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane
DA: middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
NI: deep fibular nerve
MA: extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle and may have slight eversion

16
Q

fibularis longus

A

PA: head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
DA: base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
NI: superficial fibular nerve
MA: everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

17
Q

fibularis brevis

A

PA: inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
DA: dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral surface of 5h metatarsal
NI: superficial fibular nerve
MA: everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

18
Q

Sartorius

A

PA: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and superior part of notch inferior to ASIS
DA: superior part of medial surface of tibia
NI: femoral nerve
MA:5 flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh at hip joint, flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint

19
Q

pectineus

A

PA: superior ramis of pubis
DA: pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
NI: femoral nerve, may receive branch from obturator nerve
MA: adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation

20
Q

vastus lateralis

A

PA: greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
DA: base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
NI: muscular branches of femoral nerve
MA: extend leg at knee joint

21
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

PA: Anterior and lateral surfaces of femur
DA: base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibal tuberosity
NI: muscular branches of the femoral nerve
MA: extend leg at knee joint

22
Q

vastus medialis

A

PA: intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
DA: bae of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
NI: muscular branches of femoral nerve
MA: extend leg at knee joint
NOTE: VMO

23
Q

iliacus (iliopsoas)

A

PA: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
DA: tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter of femur and femur distal to lesser trochanter
NI: femoral nerve
MA: (iliopsoas) act conjointly in flexing the thigh at the hip and stabilization of the hip joint

24
Q

Rectus femoris

A

PA: anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and ilium superior to acetabulum
DA: base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
NI: femoral nerve (muscular branches)
MA: extend leg at knee and flex thigh at hip; hip stabilization

25
Q

adductor brevis

A

PA: body and inferior ramus of pubis
DA: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
NI: obturator nerve, branch of anterior division
MA: adducts thigh and to some extent flexes it

26
Q

Gracilis

A

PA: body and inferior ramis of pubis
DA: superior part of medial surface of tibia
NI: obturator nerve
MA: adducts thigh, flexes leg at knee, aids in medial rotation of leg

27
Q

adductor magnus

A

PA: adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
DA: adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur
NI: adductor: obturtrator nerve, branches of posterior division
hamstring: tibial division of static nerve
MA: adducts thigh, adductor: flexes thigh hamstring: extends thigh

28
Q

adductor longus

A

PA: bosy of pubis inferior to pubic crest
DA: middle 1/3 of linea aspera
NI: obturator nerve, branch of anterior division
MA: adducts thigh

29
Q

inferior gemellus

A

PA: ischial tuberosity
DA: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)
NI: nerve to obturator internus
MA: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

30
Q

obturator internus

A

PA: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
DA: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur (trochanteric fossa)
NI: nerve to obturator internus
MA: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

31
Q

superior gemellus

A

PA: ischial spine
DA: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)
NI: nerve to obturator internus
MA: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

32
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

PA: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
DA: quadrator tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
NI: nerve to quadrator femoris
MA: strongest lateral rotator of thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum

33
Q

piriformis

A

PA: anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
DA: superior border of greater trochanter of femur
NI: piriformis nerve (branches of ventral rami)
MA: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

34
Q

Psoas major (iliopsoas

A

PA: sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and disks between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
DA: lesser trochanter of femur
NI: ventral rami of lumbar nerves
MA: (iliopsoas) act in flexing thigh at hip joint and stabilizing hip joint. psoas major is also a postural muscle that controls deviation of the trunk, especially during standing

Anatomy (4 decks)

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