Upper Extremitites

Question 1

Shoulder (planes and angles)

Answer 1

Flexion - 150
Hyperextension - 40
ABduction - 150
ADduction - 30
Internal rotation - 70
External rotation - 90

Question 2

Elbow (planes and angles)

Answer 2

Flexion - 150
Hyperextension - 5
Pronation - 80
Supination - 80

Question 3

Wrist (planes and angles)

Answer 3

Flexion 80
Hyperextension 70
Radial deviation 20
Ulnar deviation 30

Question 4

Fingers (planes and angles)

Answer 4

Flexion 90
Hyperextension 30
Opposition 
Abduction
Adduction

Question 5

Scapular winging

Answer 5

Scapular protraction. Indicates weakness of serratus anterior muscle.

Question 6

Drop arm test

Answer 6

Pt abducts arms, then slowly lowers them. If rotator cuff tear, affected arm will drop to side.

Question 7

Yergason test

Answer 7

Pt flexes elbow to 90. Provider holds shoulder and wrist, then have pt externally rotate and supinate against resistance. Tendon pop indicates long head of bicep unstable in bicipital groove.

Question 8

Apprehension test

Answer 8

Abduct and externally rotate pt’s arm. Pt will look alarmed anticipating dislocation. This is a test for chronic shoulder dislocation.

Question 9

Tennis elbow test

Answer 9

Examiner resists extension of 3rd digit. This would cause pain in the lateral epicondyle indicative of lateral epicondilitis.

Question 10

Tinel sign - elbow/wrist

Answer 10

Elicit tenderness over neuroma in a nerve. Elbow (ulnar) - b/t olecranon and medial epicondyle; wrist (median) - tap over volar carpal ligament.

Question 11

Finkelstein test

Answer 11

Pt makes fist around thumb. Stabilize pt’s forearm with one hand, deviate pt’s wrist to ulnar side with other. Pain indicates stenosing tenosynovitis of tendons in Tunnel I.

Question 12

Phalen test

Answer 12

Pt flexes wrist to maximum degree for one minute. Tingling of fingers indicates carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 13

Biceps reflex

Answer 13

C5-C6 (C5 mostly)

Question 14

Triceps reflex

Answer 14

C6-C7 (C7)

Question 15

Brachioradialis

Answer 15

C6

Question 16

Cubitus valgus

Answer 16

Elbow carrying angle > 15.

Question 17

Cubitus varus

Answer 17

Decrease in elbow carrying angle.

Question 18

Olecranon bursitis

Answer 18

Inflamed bursa; boggy and thick on palpation.

Question 19

Dislocation of the shoulder

Answer 19

Humeral head displaced from glenoid fossa causing visible asymmetrical slant downward on affected side.

Question 20

Ganglia/ganglion cyst

Answer 20

Dorsal or ventral small, pea-sized benign mass on wrist.

Question 21

Rheumatoid nodules

Answer 21

Firm, non-tender masses occuring in pts with RA.

Question 22

Dupuytren contracture

Answer 22

Flexion deformity of fingers caused by nodules on ulnar surface proximal to ring and little fingers.

Question 23

Swan-neck deformity

Answer 23

Hyperextension of PIP joint and flexion of DIP joint caused by RA.

Question 24

Boutonniere deformity

Answer 24

Flexion of PIP joint and extension of DIP joint.

Question 25

Mallet finger

Answer 25

Extensor tendon is torn causing palpable bony fragment.

Question 26

Heberden nodes

Answer 26

Bony nodules on dorsal and lateral aspects of DIP joint, can be found in pts with osteoarthritis.

Question 27

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 27

Narrowing of carpal tunnel which contains median nerve and finger flexor tendons. Causes motor and sensory loss in hands.

Question 28

Describe carrying angle of elbow

Answer 28

Deviation between axis of forearm and upperarm. Usually more pronounced in women.