Musculoskeletal Exam Intro

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

Bending that decreases angle b/t body parts

Question 2

Abduction

Answer 2

Pulls structure away from midline

Question 3

Extension

Answer 3

Bending that increases angle b/t body parts

Question 4

Adduction

Answer 4

Brings structure towards midline

Question 5

Hyperextension

Answer 5

Extension beyond normal limits

Question 6

Internal rotation

Answer 6

Rotation toward axis of body

Question 7

Rotation

Answer 7

Turning action of body part

Question 8

External rotation

Answer 8

Rotation away from axis of body

Question 9

Lateral bending

Answer 9

Bending away from midline

Question 10

Inversion

Answer 10

Inward rotation medially

Question 11

Supination

Answer 11

Rotation turned outward (laterally)

Question 12

Eversion

Answer 12

Outward rotation laterally

Question 13

Pronation

Answer 13

Rotation turned inward (medially)

Question 14

Plantar flexion

Answer 14

Toes pointed away from shin

Question 15

Radial deviation

Answer 15

Hand turned in towards thumb

Question 16

Dorsiflexion

Answer 16

Toes brought closer to shin

Question 17

Ulnar deviation

Answer 17

Hand turned out towards pinky

Question 18

Why examine above and below joint of complaint?

Answer 18

Pain can be referred to nearby joints via shared nerves/muscles. Injury in joint above below could be worse than C/C, but masked by C/C.

Question 19

Why examine contralateral side of complaint?

Answer 19

Comparison of pt’s normal.

Question 20

Muscle strength grading system

Answer 20

0: No contraction
1: Flicker or trace contraction
2: Movement with gravity eliminated
3: Movement against gravity
4: Movement against some resistance
5: Movement against full resistance

Question 21

Why evaluate ROM actively before passively?

Answer 21

Active ROM: Evaluates pt’s soft tissue and bony structure strength.
Passive ROM: Tests movements of joints/bones.
If pt cannot perform AROM, PROM will tell you if problem lies in muscles or bones.

Question 22

Equipment for musculoskeletal exam

Answer 22

Tape measure: Distances b/t bony prominences and circumferences of muscles BL.
Goniometer: Quantifies ROM.
Marker: Used to place goniometer.

Question 23

Describe use of goniometer

Answer 23

Place at axis of movement. Keep one hand stationary, follow movement with other hand.

Question 24

Myopathy

Answer 24

Acquired or congenital muscle disease.

Question 25

Neuropathy

Answer 25

Damage to nerves caused by trauma, disease, or systemic illness.

Question 26

Polyneuropathy

Answer 26

Multiple nerves damaged. Symptoms symmetric, begin with sensory loss in extremities.

Question 27

Fracture

Answer 27

Partial or complete break in continuity of bone from trauma.

Question 28

Sprain

Answer 28

Trauma to ligaments.

Question 29

Strain

Answer 29

Excessive muscle stretch.

Question 30

Dislocation

Answer 30

Complete separation of contact b/t 2 bones in a joint.

Question 31

Subluxation

Answer 31

Partial or incomplete dislocation.

Question 32

Additional body systems to exam

Answer 32

Neurologic, GI tract, GU tract, dermatologic, eyes.