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Physical Diagnosis - Block III > Musculoskeletal Exam Intro > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Exam Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Flexion

A

Bending that decreases angle b/t body parts

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2
Q

Abduction

A

Pulls structure away from midline

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3
Q

Extension

A

Bending that increases angle b/t body parts

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4
Q

Adduction

A

Brings structure towards midline

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5
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension beyond normal limits

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6
Q

Internal rotation

A

Rotation toward axis of body

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7
Q

Rotation

A

Turning action of body part

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8
Q

External rotation

A

Rotation away from axis of body

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9
Q

Lateral bending

A

Bending away from midline

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10
Q

Inversion

A

Inward rotation medially

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11
Q

Supination

A

Rotation turned outward (laterally)

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12
Q

Eversion

A

Outward rotation laterally

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13
Q

Pronation

A

Rotation turned inward (medially)

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14
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Toes pointed away from shin

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15
Q

Radial deviation

A

Hand turned in towards thumb

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16
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Toes brought closer to shin

17
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Hand turned out towards pinky

18
Q

Why examine above and below joint of complaint?

A

Pain can be referred to nearby joints via shared nerves/muscles. Injury in joint above below could be worse than C/C, but masked by C/C.

19
Q

Why examine contralateral side of complaint?

A

Comparison of pt’s normal.

20
Q

Muscle strength grading system

A

0: No contraction
1: Flicker or trace contraction
2: Movement with gravity eliminated
3: Movement against gravity
4: Movement against some resistance
5: Movement against full resistance

21
Q

Why evaluate ROM actively before passively?

A

Active ROM: Evaluates pt’s soft tissue and bony structure strength.
Passive ROM: Tests movements of joints/bones.
If pt cannot perform AROM, PROM will tell you if problem lies in muscles or bones.

22
Q

Equipment for musculoskeletal exam

A

Tape measure: Distances b/t bony prominences and circumferences of muscles BL.
Goniometer: Quantifies ROM.
Marker: Used to place goniometer.

23
Q

Describe use of goniometer

A

Place at axis of movement. Keep one hand stationary, follow movement with other hand.

24
Q

Myopathy

A

Acquired or congenital muscle disease.

25
Q

Neuropathy

A

Damage to nerves caused by trauma, disease, or systemic illness.

26
Q

Polyneuropathy

A

Multiple nerves damaged. Symptoms symmetric, begin with sensory loss in extremities.

27
Q

Fracture

A

Partial or complete break in continuity of bone from trauma.

28
Q

Sprain

A

Trauma to ligaments.

29
Q

Strain

A

Excessive muscle stretch.

30
Q

Dislocation

A

Complete separation of contact b/t 2 bones in a joint.

31
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial or incomplete dislocation.

32
Q

Additional body systems to exam

A

Neurologic, GI tract, GU tract, dermatologic, eyes.

Physical Diagnosis - Block III (6 decks)

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