Upper Extremities Flashcards
1
Q
Parts of Brachial Plexus
A
- Roots
- Trunks
- Divisions
- Cords
- Branches
2
Q
Roots of brachial plexus
A
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
3
Q
Trunks of brachial plexus
A
superior, middle, inferior
4
Q
divisions of brachial plexus
A
each trunk has anterior and posterior divisions
5
Q
cords of brachial plexus
A
lateral, posterior, medial
6
Q
branches of brachial plexus
A
musculocutaneous axillary radial median ulnar
7
Q
What nerves are affected in Erb-Duchenne palsy
A
suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous
8
Q
what does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
A
- supraspinatous
2. infraspinatous
9
Q
what does the axillary nerve innervate?
A
- deltoid
2. teres minor
10
Q
what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
A
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis
11
Q
what is injured in Klumpke’s palsy
A
lower brachial plexus C8 and T1, primarily ulnar nerve, some median nerve
12
Q
How to test C5?
A
- abduction of arm against resistance
- arm flexion against resistance
- sensation of lateral aspect of arm
- bicipital reflex
13
Q
How to test C6?
A
- wrist extension against resistance
- bicep flexion against resistance
- brachioradialis reflex
- sensation of thumb and pointer finger
14
Q
How to test C7?
A
- forearm extension against resistance
- triceps reflex
- sensation of middle finger
15
Q
How to test C8?
A
- break an interlocking grip of the fingers
2. sensation in pinky
16
Q
How to test T1?
A
- resist abduction and adduction of fingers
17
Q
Other nerves of brachial plexus to know
A
- long thoracic nerve
- dorsal scapular nerve
- suprascapular nerve
- thoracodorsal nerve
18
Q
What does median nerve innervate?
A
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis
- 1st & 2nd lumbricals
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- 1/2 flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- pronator quadratus
19
Q
Sensory distribution of median nerve
A
Palmar: lateral 3.5 digits, lateral 2/3 of palm
Dorsal: fingertips to PIP joints
20
Q
what does the median nerve travel with and where is it location in relation to it?
A
brachial artery, lateral and then medial once it reaches cubital fossa
21
Q
Arterial supply to upper extremity
A
One long vessel that changes names
- subclavian artery
- axillary artery (at first rib)
- brachial artery (at inferior border of teres major)
- radial and ulnar arteries (at distal end of cubital fossa)
- superficial and deep palmar arches (in hand)
22
Q
Boundaries of anatomical snuff box
A
- tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
- tendon of extensor pollicis longus
- scaphoid bone
23
Q
Contents of anatomical snuff box
A
- radial artery
2. scaphoid bone
24
Q
rotator cuff muscles
A
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
25
where does a rotator cuff tear occur and what is the result
most often supraspinatus, difficult to initiate abduction
26
clinical tests for a ruptured supraspinatus tendon
1. positive drop arm test
2. positive empty can test
3. positive full can test
27
diagnosis of rotator cuff repair
1. positive empty can test
2. positive Neer's sign
3. weakness on external rotation
28
what is a SLAP lesion
tear of the superior labrum anterior posterior where the tendon of long head of biceps brachii anchors to the bone
29
When does a SLAP lesion usually occur
from a fall with arm extended or flexed
30
Clinical testing for SLAP lesion
1. positive crank test OR
| 2. positive O'Brien test
31
how would subacromial bursitis present?
painful abduction between 50 and 130 degrees
32
3 most common places for humerus to fracture
1. surgical neck
2. distal end of middle third bone
3. supracondylar region
33
What presents with numbness and tingling in the medial 1/3 of the palm and medial 1.5 digits?
cubital tunnel syndrome
34
What is tennis elbow?
inflammation of the common extensor tendon at lateral epicondyle of humerus
35
What is golfer's elbow?
inflammation of the common flexor tendon at the medial epicondyle of humerus
36
Boundaries of the cubital fossa
1. brachioradialis
2. pronator teres
3. medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus
37
Contents of cubital fossa
1. tendon of biceps brachii
2. brachial artery
3. median nerve
38
Contents of anterior compartment of forearm
1. wrist and digit flexors
2. median and ulnar nerves
3. ulnar and radial arteries
39
Contents of posterior compartment of forearm
1. wrist and digits extensors
| 2. radial nerve
40
anterior forearm compartment layers
1. superficial
2. intermediate
3. deep
41
superficial layer
1. pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris
42
intermediate layer
flexor digitorum superficialis
43
deep layer
1. flexor digitorum profundus
2. flexor pollicis longus
3. pronator quadratus
44
what branch of median nerve does not travel through carpal tunnel
palmar cutaneous or palmar branch
45
what does the ulnar nerve innervate?
1. flexor carpi ulnaris
2. 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
3. abductor pollicis
4. 3rd and 4th lumbricals
5. dorsal and palmar interossei muscles
46
sensation of ulnar nerve
palmar and dorsal: medial 1/3 of palm and 1.5 digits
47
what structure does the ulnar nerve pass through near the wrist?
tunnel of Guyon
48
what does the radial nerve innervate?
all 3 heads of triceps
49
what passes through the carpal tunnel?
1. flexor digitorum profundus
2. flexor digitorum superficialis
3. flexor pollicis longus
4. median nerve
50
function of supraspinatus
adduct arm
51
function of infraspinatus
external and lateral rotation of arm
52
function of teres minor
external rotation of arm
53
function of deltoid - anterior fibers
flex arm
54
function of deltoid - middle fibers
abduct arm
55
function of deltoid - posterior fibers
extend arm
56
function of biceps brachii
forearm flexion
57
function of brachialis
strongest forearm flexor
58
function of coracobrachialis
flexion and adduction of arm
59
function of triceps
extension of forearm
60
function of abductor pollicis brevis
abducts thumb
61
function of flexor pollicis brevis
flexes thumb at MCP
62
function of opponens pollicis
opposes the thumb
63
function of 1st and 2nd lumbricals
flex MCP, extend DIP, and PIP joints
64
function of pronator teres
pronates forearm
65
function of flexor carpi radialis
flexes wrist at radial side, slight radial deviation
66
function of palmaris longus
weak flexor of wrist
67
function of flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes wrist, MCP, PIP
68
function of flexor digitorum profundus
flexes wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP
69
function of flexor pollicis longus
flexes thumb, PIP joint in thumb
70
function of pronator quadratus
pronation
71
function of flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes wrist on ulnar side, slight ulnar deviation
72
function of adductor pollicis
adduct thumb
73
function of 3rd and 4th lumbricals
flex MCP, extend DIP, PIP
74
function of dorsal interossei
abduct fingers
75
function of palmar interossei
adduct fingers
