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CABS > Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Upper Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of Brachial Plexus

A
  1. Roots
  2. Trunks
  3. Divisions
  4. Cords
  5. Branches
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2
Q

Roots of brachial plexus

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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3
Q

Trunks of brachial plexus

A

superior, middle, inferior

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4
Q

divisions of brachial plexus

A

each trunk has anterior and posterior divisions

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5
Q

cords of brachial plexus

A

lateral, posterior, medial

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6
Q

branches of brachial plexus

A 
musculocutaneous
axillary
radial
median
ulnar
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7
Q

What nerves are affected in Erb-Duchenne palsy

A

suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous

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8
Q

what does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A
  1. supraspinatous

2. infraspinatous

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9
Q

what does the axillary nerve innervate?

A
  1. deltoid

2. teres minor

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10
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A
  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. coracobrachialis
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11
Q

what is injured in Klumpke’s palsy

A

lower brachial plexus C8 and T1, primarily ulnar nerve, some median nerve

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12
Q

How to test C5?

A
  1. abduction of arm against resistance
  2. arm flexion against resistance
  3. sensation of lateral aspect of arm
  4. bicipital reflex
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13
Q

How to test C6?

A
  1. wrist extension against resistance
  2. bicep flexion against resistance
  3. brachioradialis reflex
  4. sensation of thumb and pointer finger
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14
Q

How to test C7?

A
  1. forearm extension against resistance
  2. triceps reflex
  3. sensation of middle finger
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15
Q

How to test C8?

A
  1. break an interlocking grip of the fingers

2. sensation in pinky

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16
Q

How to test T1?

A
  1. resist abduction and adduction of fingers
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17
Q

Other nerves of brachial plexus to know

A
  1. long thoracic nerve
  2. dorsal scapular nerve
  3. suprascapular nerve
  4. thoracodorsal nerve
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18
Q

What does median nerve innervate?

A
  1. abductor pollicis brevis
  2. flexor pollicis brevis
  3. opponens pollicis
  4. 1st & 2nd lumbricals
  5. pronator teres
  6. flexor carpi radialis
  7. palmaris longus
  8. 1/2 flexor digitorum superficialis
  9. flexor digitorum profundus
  10. flexor pollicis longus
  11. pronator quadratus
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19
Q

Sensory distribution of median nerve

A

Palmar: lateral 3.5 digits, lateral 2/3 of palm
Dorsal: fingertips to PIP joints

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20
Q

what does the median nerve travel with and where is it location in relation to it?

A

brachial artery, lateral and then medial once it reaches cubital fossa

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21
Q

Arterial supply to upper extremity

A

One long vessel that changes names

  1. subclavian artery
  2. axillary artery (at first rib)
  3. brachial artery (at inferior border of teres major)
  4. radial and ulnar arteries (at distal end of cubital fossa)
  5. superficial and deep palmar arches (in hand)
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22
Q

Boundaries of anatomical snuff box

A
  1. tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
  2. tendon of extensor pollicis longus
  3. scaphoid bone
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23
Q

Contents of anatomical snuff box

A
  1. radial artery

2. scaphoid bone

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24
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
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25
Q

where does a rotator cuff tear occur and what is the result

A

most often supraspinatus, difficult to initiate abduction

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26
Q

clinical tests for a ruptured supraspinatus tendon

A
  1. positive drop arm test
  2. positive empty can test
  3. positive full can test
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27
Q

diagnosis of rotator cuff repair

A
  1. positive empty can test
  2. positive Neer’s sign
  3. weakness on external rotation
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28
Q

what is a SLAP lesion

A

tear of the superior labrum anterior posterior where the tendon of long head of biceps brachii anchors to the bone

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29
Q

When does a SLAP lesion usually occur

A

from a fall with arm extended or flexed

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30
Q

Clinical testing for SLAP lesion

A
  1. positive crank test OR

2. positive O’Brien test

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31
Q

how would subacromial bursitis present?

A

painful abduction between 50 and 130 degrees

32
Q

3 most common places for humerus to fracture

A
  1. surgical neck
  2. distal end of middle third bone
  3. supracondylar region
33
Q

What presents with numbness and tingling in the medial 1/3 of the palm and medial 1.5 digits?

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

34
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

inflammation of the common extensor tendon at lateral epicondyle of humerus

35
Q

What is golfer’s elbow?

A

inflammation of the common flexor tendon at the medial epicondyle of humerus

36
Q

Boundaries of the cubital fossa

A
  1. brachioradialis
  2. pronator teres
  3. medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus
37
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

A
  1. tendon of biceps brachii
  2. brachial artery
  3. median nerve
38
Q

Contents of anterior compartment of forearm

A
  1. wrist and digit flexors
  2. median and ulnar nerves
  3. ulnar and radial arteries
39
Q

Contents of posterior compartment of forearm

A
  1. wrist and digits extensors

2. radial nerve

40
Q

anterior forearm compartment layers

A
  1. superficial
  2. intermediate
  3. deep
41
Q

superficial layer

A
  1. pronator teres
  2. flexor carpi radialis
  3. palmaris longus
  4. flexor carpi ulnaris
42
Q

intermediate layer

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

43
Q

deep layer

A
  1. flexor digitorum profundus
  2. flexor pollicis longus
  3. pronator quadratus
44
Q

what branch of median nerve does not travel through carpal tunnel

A

palmar cutaneous or palmar branch

45
Q

what does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A
  1. flexor carpi ulnaris
  2. 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
  3. abductor pollicis
  4. 3rd and 4th lumbricals
  5. dorsal and palmar interossei muscles
46
Q

sensation of ulnar nerve

A

palmar and dorsal: medial 1/3 of palm and 1.5 digits

47
Q

what structure does the ulnar nerve pass through near the wrist?

A

tunnel of Guyon

48
Q

what does the radial nerve innervate?

A

all 3 heads of triceps

49
Q

what passes through the carpal tunnel?

A
  1. flexor digitorum profundus
  2. flexor digitorum superficialis
  3. flexor pollicis longus
  4. median nerve
50
Q

function of supraspinatus

A

adduct arm

51
Q

function of infraspinatus

A

external and lateral rotation of arm

52
Q

function of teres minor

A

external rotation of arm

53
Q

function of deltoid - anterior fibers

A

flex arm

54
Q

function of deltoid - middle fibers

A

abduct arm

55
Q

function of deltoid - posterior fibers

A

extend arm

56
Q

function of biceps brachii

A

forearm flexion

57
Q

function of brachialis

A

strongest forearm flexor

58
Q

function of coracobrachialis

A

flexion and adduction of arm

59
Q

function of triceps

A

extension of forearm

60
Q

function of abductor pollicis brevis

A

abducts thumb

61
Q

function of flexor pollicis brevis

A

flexes thumb at MCP

62
Q

function of opponens pollicis

A

opposes the thumb

63
Q

function of 1st and 2nd lumbricals

A

flex MCP, extend DIP, and PIP joints

64
Q

function of pronator teres

A

pronates forearm

65
Q

function of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes wrist at radial side, slight radial deviation

66
Q

function of palmaris longus

A

weak flexor of wrist

67
Q

function of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes wrist, MCP, PIP

68
Q

function of flexor digitorum profundus

A

flexes wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP

69
Q

function of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes thumb, PIP joint in thumb

70
Q

function of pronator quadratus

A

pronation

71
Q

function of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes wrist on ulnar side, slight ulnar deviation

72
Q

function of adductor pollicis

A

adduct thumb

73
Q

function of 3rd and 4th lumbricals

A

flex MCP, extend DIP, PIP

74
Q

function of dorsal interossei

A

abduct fingers

75
Q

function of palmar interossei

A

adduct fingers

CABS (5 decks)

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