Neck

Question 1

What are the strap/infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 1

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid

Question 2

What do the strap muscles do?

Answer 2

depress the hyoid bone when swallowing which protects airway

Question 3

What innervates the submandibular gland?

Answer 3

chorda tympani, branch of facial (CN VII)

Question 4

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 4

superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery

Question 5

What innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 5

hypoglossal (CN XII)

Question 6

What innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 6

facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 7

What pharyngeal arch is the posterior belly of the digastric derived from?

Answer 7

2nd

Question 8

What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 8

Trigeminal (CN V)

Question 9

What pharyngeal arch is the anterior belly of the digastric derived from?

Answer 9

1st

Question 10

At what level does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occur at?

Answer 10

superior border of thyroid cartilage, between C3-4

Question 11

What is the carotid sinus and where is it located?

Answer 11

1. baroreceptor

2. bifurcation of the common carotid artery

Question 12

What is the carotid body and where is it located?

Answer 12

1. chemoreceptor

2. bifurcation of the common carotid a.

Question 13

What does the accessory nerve innervate?

Answer 13

the trapezius, SCM

Question 14

What is the most commonly iatrogenically injured nerved in the body?

Answer 14

accessory nerve

Question 15

Where is the great auricular nerve derived from?

Answer 15

the cervical plexus

Question 16

Where are the supraclavicular nerves derived from?

Answer 16

the cervical plexus

Question 17

What crosses the SCM superficially?

Answer 17

external jugular vein

Question 18

Where does external jugular vein drain?

Answer 18

subclavian vein

Question 19

Where would you find the trunks of the brachial plexus?

Answer 19

between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

Question 20

Where is the phrenic nerve derived from?

Answer 20

C3-C5 “C3, 4 and 5 keep the diaphragm alive”

Question 21

What crosses the anterior surface of the anterior scalene msucle/

Answer 21

phrenic nerve

Question 22

Where is the subclavian vein located?

Answer 22

deep to clavicle, anterior to anterior scalene

Question 23

What 2 veins unite to form the brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 23

subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

Question 24

Where is the most common place to put a central line?

Answer 24

subclavian vein

Question 25

What are the branches of the subclavian artery

Answer 25

1. vertebral artery 2. internal thoracic artery 3. thyrocervical trunk

Question 26

Layers of fascia in the neck

Answer 26

1. Superficial (investing) layer 2. Pre-tracheal layer 3. pre-vertebral layer (deep layer)

Question 27

Composition and Location of superficial (investing) layer

Answer 27

1. adipose tissue | 2. surrounds entire neck and enclosed trapezius and SCM

Question 28

Location of pre-tracheal layer

Answer 28

covers infrahyoid muscles, contains thyroid, trachea, and esophagus

Question 29

Location of pre-vertebral layer

Answer 29

covers deeper muscles in the neck anteriorly, surround cervical vertebrae and longitudinal muscles, encloses cervical sympathetic trunk

Question 30

What is the retropharyngeal space and why is it important?

Answer 30

space between pre-vertebral fascia and pre-tracheal fascia, site for abscess formation

Question 31

If pt had an abscess in the retropharyngeal space, what would they present with?

Answer 31

dysphagia, possibly dyspnea

Question 32

What is important about the supraclavicular nerves?

Answer 32

they are involved in referred pain patterns (ie. gallbladder pain, pain in right diaphragm)

Question 33

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 33

muscles of the laryngx

Question 34

What innervates the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 34

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 35

What is the interior thyroid artery nearby and you must be careful not to cut during a thyroidectomy?

Answer 35

recurrent laryngeal

Question 36

What vessel may be encountered during a low tracheotomy?

Answer 36

inferior thyroid vein

Question 37

If a patient is monotone, which nerve did you injure?

Answer 37

external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 38

What level is the isthmus of the thyroid found at?

Answer 38

C2-3, sometime C4

Question 39

What runs next to the superior thyroid artery?

Answer 39

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 40

What runs next to the inferior thyroid artery?

Answer 40

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 41

Where might you find ectopic thyroid tissue?

Answer 41

along thryoglossal duct

Question 42

vertebral level of the hyoid bone

Answer 42

C3

Question 43

vertebral level of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 43

C6