Upper Extremities Flashcards
SID for extremities
40”
kVp needs to be (lower or higher) for extremities
lower - for a more black and white image
shoulder series
AP with internal rotation
(in real world, you’d do AP with external rotation next)
Posterior Oblique with external rotation (Grashey view)
PA Y Scapular view
anatomy viewed on AP shoulder with internal rotation
clavicle
corocoid process
acromion
TRUE LATERAL OF HUMERAL HEAD AND LESSER TUBERCLE
arm position on AP shoulder w/ internal rotation
arm internally rotated to place epicondyles perpendicular to film
anatomy viewed on Grashey with external rotation
GREATER TUBERCLE
GLENOHUMERAL SPACE
intertubercular (bicipital) groove, acromion, clavicle, corocoid process
straight AP with external rotation will not show….
glenohumeral space
Posterior oblique (grashey) with external rotation arm placement
externally rotate arm until epicondyles are parallel to the film
position of PA “Y” scapular
scapula in lateral position, perpendicular to bucky - pt is oblique about 60-75 degrees
why do you do Scapular “Y”?
to see shoulder impingement syndrome - the area between the humerus and clavicle
Views in AC joint series
Unweighted
Weighted (weights in both hands)
AP Axial Clavicle tube tilt
15 degrees cephalic (15 letter in AP Axial Clavicle)
AP Axial Clavicle CR placement
slightly below part
AP Humerus
include joint closest to injury
AP make sure fully supinated hand
Lateral Humerus
include joint of interest
forearm adducted and externally rotated
Elbow Series
AP elbow
Lateral elbow
(these are universal views)
What must be in the same plane on an elbow series?
shoulder, elbow, wrist
hand placement on AP elbow
fully supinated
anatomy viewed on AP elbow
medial and lateral epicondyle
medial (trochlea) and lateral (capitulum) condyles
radial head
olecranon process
arm position on lateral elbow
flex elbow 90 degrees with forearm in a true lateral position (thumb up)
anatomy viewed on Lateral elbow
epicondyles (superimposed) condyles (superimposed) olecranon process trochlear notch radial tuberosity
What constitutes a true lateral elbow?
epicondyles are superimposed
anatomy viewed on internal oblique elbow
CORONOID PROCESS (beak like) radius and ulna
anatomy viewed on external oblique elbow
CAPITULUM
RADIAL HEAD
forearm series
AP forearm
Lateral forearm
(include joint closest to injury)
Wrist Series
PA wrist
PA Oblique Wrist (45 degrees)
Lateral Wrist (90 degrees)
anatomy viewed on PA wrist
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
(proximal to distal)
(medial to lateral)
PA wrist with ulnar flexion tube tilt
20 degree cephalic or 0
What is the most fractured bone in the wrist?
scaphoid
Why do you use a tube tilt?
to elongate and isolate
Views in a hand series
PA hand
PA Oblique hand (45 degrees)
(no lateral unless foreign body)
What do you see on PA hand?
carpals
What do you see on Oblique hand?
metacarpals and phalanges
Why do you do a “Baby” arms view?
another view for glenohumeral joint space
What is a fingers and thumb view?
Do PA and oblique hand and save a little space along the edge for the finger you may have injured
What is a ball-catchers AP hand view?
view to see progression of patient with rheumatoid arthritis
What is an olecranon / jone’s view?
tangential view of bent elbow
process that extends laterally from the scapular spine and over the shoulder joint
acromion process
another name for the shoulder joint
glenohumeral joint
large concave articular process located on the anterior side of the proximal ulna
semilunar notch aka trochlear notch
beak shaped process located on the anterior side of the proximal ulna
coronoid process
the carpa which articulates with the 1st metacarpal
trapezium
