Lower Extremities Flashcards
SID for lower extremities
40”
When do you use the bucky?
parts measuring more than 11 cm to absorb scatter
true AP position for femur, knee, leg, ankle
knee flexed
foot dorsi-flexed (90 degrees)
leg internally rotated 5 degrees (second toe pointed up)
Why do you rotate legs 15 degrees internally on pelvis and AP hip?
prevents femoral neck forshortening (or elongates femoral neck)
places greater trochanter in profile
anatomy viewed on AP pelvis
iliac crest, sacroiliac joint, acetabulum, femoral head, GREATER TROCHANTER, femoral neck, symphysis pubis, obturator foramen, superior pubic ramus, coccyx, sacrum, L5
Hip series
AP hip
Frogleg Lateral Hip
(this is a unilateral exam)
anatomy viewed on AP hip
GREATER TRACHANTER, iliac crest, acetabulum, femoral head and neck, ischial tubeosity, syphyasis pubis, sacrum, obturator foramen
anatomy viewed on frogleg lateral hip
LESSER TROCHANTER, crest, femoral head, greater trochanter
what must you include on the femur series?
the knee
knee series
AP knee
Lateral
Holmblad (open joint)
anatomy viewed on AP knee
patella, femur, condyles, epicondyles, tibial plateaus, tibia, fiblua
tube tilt for AP knee
5 degree cephalic
tube tilt for lateral knee
5 degree cephalic
Why must knee be flexed on lateral knee?
opens femoral patellar joint space and stabilizes patient in lateral position
anatomy viewed on lateral knee
femur, femoropatellar space, patella,condyles (superimposed), fibula
PT position on Holmblad
PT in prone position, gently raise to hands and knees just enough so affected knee forms a 20 degree angle with CR.
CR position on Holmblad
2” above crease of knee
anatomy viewed on Holmblad
FEMORAL NOTCH (aka intercondylar notch or popliteal fossa) TIBIAL SPINES (aka tibial prominence or immenence)
what is a modified Beclere?
Patient seated on table with knees bent in front of them. the cassette is place on sponges under the knee as close to curve as possible. 20 degree tube tilt
What is camp coventry view?
Patient lays face down (prone) with knee bent. Cassette under PT knee. 45 degree tube tilt
lower leg series
AP leg
lateral leg
(must include joint closest to injury)
anatomy viewed on AP leg
fibula, tibia, distal tibiofibular joint, tibiotalar joint
anatomy viewed on lateral leg
tibia, fibula, talus, tibiotalar joint, navicular, calcaneus
ankle series
AP ankle and Oblique ankle (on film together)
Lateral ankle
anatomy viewed on AP ankle
tibia and fibula (superimposed), medial and lateral malleolus, styloid process, tibiotalar joint
how do you know if internal oblique is rotated enough?
inter-malleolar plane is parallel with film
what does the internal oblique ankle show?
MORTISE JOINT, tibia ad fibula
PT position for Lateral ankle
roll PT onto affected side, flex knee andfoot
anatomy viewed on Lateral ankle
BASE OF 5TH METATARSAL, tibia, fibula, navicular, tibiotalar joint, talus, calcaneus, cuboid
foot series
AP foot and medial oblique foot (2 on film)
lateral foot
tube tilt for AP foot
10 degree cephalic (10 toes) (10x12)
where does CR enter for AP foot?
base of 3rd metatarsal
Where does the ID blocker go for AP foot?
away from toes
tube tilt for medial oblique foot?
10 degree cephalic
anatomy viewed on medial oblique foot?
IP joints, BASE OF 5TH METATARSAL, cuboid, calcaneus, medial cuneiform, sesamoids
foot placement for medial oblique foot
place 2 fingers between the cassette and the plantar surface of the foot.
position for lateral foot
place foot in lateral position, flex knee, plantar surface perpendicular to IR
accessory views to Holmblad (notch views)
Modified Beclere, Camp Coventry
Accessory views to tangential patella
settegast (unilateral)
merchant’s (bilateral)
What is tangential patella view?
PT prone, bend knee as much as possible, tangential CR tilt
Patella views
PA patella
Lateral and accessory
condition created when patellar ligaments pull the tibial tuberosity free from the tibial shaft
osgood-schlatters
articular facets located on the superior aspect of the tibia that articulate with the femoral condyles
tibial plateaus
