Upper Extremeity Flashcards
PA hand
Hand flat on IR
Fingers separated
Included a little radius and ulna
CR @ 3rd MCP joint
PA oblique hand
45 degrees rotation
Fingers straight
CR @ 3rd MCJn
3-5 MC shafts close
Lateral hand
Proximal MC’s superimposed
Fingers spread
CR @ 2nd MCP joint
Fingers
PA, Oblique, lateral
Position the same as hands
FOV to include distal MC
Thumb
AP/ PA, Oblique, lateral
CR @1st MCP joint
Oblique thumb = PA hand position
Ball catche
Both hands
AP obliques
Fingers extended but relaxed
To evaluate for rheumatoid arthritis
Wrist PA
Flex finger’s slightly to bring them flat against the IR board
PA oblique wrist
45 degrees rotated
Flex fingers slightly to bring flat against IR
CR @ mid carpal region
Wrist lateral
Elbow bent and level with wrist
Radius and ulna superimposed
CR @ mid carpal region
AP forearm
Arm fully extended
Shoulder, elbow, and hand all in level
Hand supinated
CR is in The middle of the forarm
Lateral forearm
Shoulder, elbow , and hand all in level
Elbow flexed 90 degrees
Radius and ulna superimposed
AP elbow
Arm fully extended
Elbow AP
Partial overlap of radius and ulna
External oblique elbow
Humerus is rotated externally 45 degrees
Capitulum in profile
No overlap of radius and ulna
Internal oblique elbow
Humerus internally rotated 45 degrees
Trochlea in profile
Coronoid free and in profile
Lateral elbow
Elbow 90 degrees
Wrist lateral
CR @ elbow joint
Coyle externally
Alternate for external oblique
CR 45 degrees toward shoulder
90 degrees flexion of elbow
Radius projected free if ulna
Coyle internally
Alternate to internal oblique elbow
CR 45 degrees away from shoulder
80 degrees Flexion of elbow
Radius projected fully of ulna
Partial Flexion of elbow
When patient can’t fully extend elbow
AP proximal forearm
AP distal humerus
AP humerus
Elbow AP position and externally rotated shoulder
Lateral humerus
Elbow lateral and internally rotated shoulder
AP ankle
kVp: 60
MAs: 2
Foot dorsiflexed @90 degrees
CR at mid malleoli
Leg AP
Half overlap of Tib-Fib
AP mortise ankle
kVp: 60
mAs: 2
Foot dorsiflexed 90 degrees
Leg internally rotated 15-20 degrees
CR @joint
Slight overlap of tib fib
Both lateral & talus joints open
Medial oblique ankle
kVp:60
mAs: 2
Foot dorsiflexed 90 degrees
Leg interns rotated 45 degrees
No overlap of tib fib
Lateral fibula talus joint open
Include the base of the 5h MTs
Lateral ankle
kVp:60
mAs: 2
Knee level with ankle
CR @ medial malleolus
Domes of talus superimposed
Lateral lower leg
IR board diagonal
CR @mid tibia
Knee and ankle lateral
Light field above patella & below lateral malleolus
AP knee
kVp: 70
mAs:5
5 degree medial rotation
CR
5 degree cephalic for thick thighs and buttocks
0 degree for average buttocks
5 degree cauded for a thin buttocks
Lateral knee
kVp: 70
mAs: 5
Flex knee 20-30 degrees
CR 5-7 degrees cephalic
Posterior and inferior condyles superimposed
Internal oblique knee
kVp: 70
mAs: 5
45 degree medial rotation
Lateral condyle of femur in profile
External oblique knee
kVp: 70
mAs:5
45 degree medial rotaion
CR 5 degree cephalic angle
Fibula will be hidden
Weight bearing knees
kVp: 70
mAs: 5
No angle required
Intercondylar fossa
kVp:70
mAs: 2
Knee bent 45 degrees
CR perpendicular to lower leg
Below the apex of the patella
