Abdomen Flashcards
Describe and discuss components of the pre exam process
A). Patient ID & Pregnancy
B). Clothing change/ removal & image artifact protection
A). Must use 2 forms to identify patient ( Name and DOB)
If child bearing age, must ask about chance of pregnancy
B). Remove any clothing or jewelry that may show up ( button, bras, zippers, etc.)
Describe and discuss common landmarks for abdominal positioning
Iliac crest: located @ L4/ L5
ASIS ( anterior superior iliac spine): 2” below the crest
Describe and discuss technical factors and their function to include
A). Photocell selection
B). KVp
C). mA
D). SID
E). Grids
A).photocell selection use side cells ( for soft tissue)
B). kVp 75-85
C). mA is 20 for 40” SID or large focal spot
D). SID 40” ( short exposure, magnification) or 72” ( 3x longer exposure, less magnification)
E). Grids stop scatter X-rays
Discuss image protocol for a 1-shot
A 1-shot is aka ( KUB shot)
Must include symphysis
CR @ crest/ a little below crest
Why do we do an upright abdomen/ LLD
To see air fluid levels , and to check for free air leaking out the bowel (pneomoperitoneum)
Upright abdomen protocol
CR 2” above crest
Upper light boarder ( ULB) at armpits
Must include diaphragm
Upright Vs. Supine
Upright : looks for air & fluid
Supine: things spread out
LLD vs. RLD
LLD: left side is down and free air will be seen compared to the liver
RLD: right side is down and free air may hide among burps and farts
Foreign body in a child:
You will do a FB nose-rectum single view
Bowel obstruction
Non mechanic/ a dynamic: post anesthesia, medication like opiates, infections)
Mechanical : twisting, adhesions, masses, and fecal impaction
Volvulus
Twisting
Obstructs bowel and blood supply to intestine
Intussusception
Telescoping
Obstructs bowel and blood supply to intestines
Constipation
Stool will have a “specked” appearance in XR
Adhesions
Scar tissue that binds abdominal structures that should be free to move
Foreign Body (FB)
Can be anywhere in the GI/ airway
