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S2 Biomechanics > Upper Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Upper Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

which joints are in the upper cervical spine?

A

AO (C1C2)

AA (C2C3)

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2
Q

primary function of the atlas

A

support head

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3
Q

atlas is lacking what landmarks that are typical of vertebrae

A

body
pedicle
lamina
spinous process

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4
Q

atlas superior articular facets

  • convex or concave
  • articulate with…
A

concave

articulate with occipital condyles

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5
Q

atlas inferior articular facets

-characteristics

A

flat/slightly ocncave
face inferiorly
sloped downward (medial to lateral) about 20 degrees

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6
Q

axis superior articular facet

  • convex or concave
  • orientation
A

slightly convex

oriented 20 degrees from horizontal plane

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7
Q

AO joint

  • primary movement
  • atlas always moves with…
A

primary movement
-flexion/extension
atlas always moves with head

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8
Q

ROM at AO joint

A

flexion: 5
extension: 10
axial rotation: negligible to 5
lateral flexion: 5

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9
Q

AA joint

  • arthrokinematics
  • primary motion
A

inferior atlantal facet is slightly concave and superior
axial facet is slightly convex
primary motion
-rotation

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10
Q

what is different about the AO joint in terms of orientation compared to the other cervical joints?
-why does it matter

A

oriented closer to horizontal plane

allows for greater rotation

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11
Q

AA joint median joint

  • components
  • what is the vertical axis for rotation
A

anterior arch of atlas
dens of axis
-vertical axis for rotation

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12
Q

ROM at AA joint

A

flexion: 5
extension: 10
axial rotation: 35-40
lateral flexion: negligible to 5

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13
Q

cervical flexion arthrokinematics

  • AO joint
  • AA joint
A 
AO
-convex on concave
-occipital condyles roll forward
-simultaneous slide in opposite direction
AA
-flat to slightly concave
-atlas tilts forward
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14
Q

cervical extension arthrokinematics

  • AO joint
  • AA joint
A 
AO
-roll back
-slide forward
AA
-atlas tilts backward
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15
Q

AO joint cervical rotation

-restricted motion due to…

A

large lateral masses

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16
Q

AA joint

-ideal for rotation because…

A

facet orientation

17
Q

cervical lateral rotation arthrokinematics

  • AO joint
  • AA joint
A 
AO
-small amount of rolling
-convex on concave
-slide in opposite direction of the roll
AA
-spinal coupling
-frontal and horizontal planes
18
Q

spinal coupling definition

A

one motion around one plane is associated with another motion around a different plane

19
Q

spinal coupling in upper cervical spine

A

occurs between lateral flexion and rotation
AO and AA joints spinal coupling
-lateral flexion is couples with contralateral rotation
-rotation is coupled with contralateral lateral flexion

20
Q

AO and AA joints summary points (3)

A

AO joints: nodding action: flexion/extension greatest at this joint between the AO and AA joints
AA joints: 50% of rotation occurring at the cervical spine
coupled motion occurs in opposite direction
-L lateral flexion and R rotation

21
Q

longus capatis and longus colli function

A

“dynamic” anterior longitudinal ligament

vertical stability

22
Q

suboccipital muscles function

A

fine control over the AO and AA joints

23
Q

alar ligament

  • attachments
  • function
A 
attachments
-lateral side of apex of dens
-medial side of occipital condyles
function
-limits contralateral head rotation and contralateral lateral flexion
24
Q

transverse ligament

  • location
  • functon
A

atlas to axis
function
-holds C1 in place on posterior side of
-w/out, C1 will slip forward

25
Q 
cruciform ligament ("atlantal cruciform" ligament
-contains
A

transverse ligament

superior and inferior bands of the transverse ligament

26
Q

tectorial membrane

  • continuation of…
  • C2 body ascends to…
  • function
  • injured with…
A 
continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament
C2 body ascends to the occipital bone
functions
-limits flexion of upper cervical spine
-provides multidirectional stability
injured in forced flexion injuries
27
Q

what happens when injury occurs from a MVA

A

hyperextension exceeds cervical flexion, resulting in the anterior structures of the cervical region more prone to injury

S2 Biomechanics (13 decks)

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